Humanities Chapter 20 Literature Flashcard

Humanities Chapter 20 Literature

Unit Conversion Example Problem - Pounds to Kilograms

Unit Conversion Example Problem - Pounds to Kilograms Pounds (lb) and kilograms (kg) are two important units of mass and weight. The units are used for body weight, produce weight, and many other measurements. This worked example problem demonstrates how to convert pounds to kilograms and kilograms to pounds. Pounds to Kilograms Problem A man weighs 176 lbs. What is his weight in kilograms? Start with the conversion factor between pounds and kilograms. 1 kg 2.2 lbs Write this in the form of an equation to solve for kilograms: weight in kg weight in lb x (1 kg / 2.2 lb) The pounds cancel out, leaving kilograms. In essence this means all you have to do to get a kilogram weight in pounds is divide by 2.2:x kg 176 lbs x 1 kg/2.2 lbsx kg 80 kg The 176 lb. man weighs 80 kg. Kilograms to Pounds Conversion Its easy to work the conversion the other way, too. If given a value in kilograms, all you need to do is multiply it by 2.2 to get the answer in pounds. For example, if a melon weighs 0.25 kilograms, its weight in pounds is 0.25 x 2.2 0.55 lbs. Check Your Work To get a ballpark conversion between pounds and kilograms, remember there are about 2 pounds in a 1 kilogram, or the number is twice as much. The other way to look at it is to remember there are about half as many kilograms in a pound.

Golden Lines from Robert Ray's Thematic Paradigm Essay

Golden Lines from Robert Ray's Thematic Paradigm - Essay Example These include aging, society and women, and politics and law. They are each discussed much in depth (Ray 1-4). Another quotation I would like to share is on page three. â€Å"If the outlaw hero’s motto was ‘I don’t know what the law says, but I do know what’s right and wrong,’ and the official hero’s was ‘We are a nation of laws, not of men,’ or ‘No man can place himself above the law,’† (Ray 3). This is found in the fourth paragraph on that page. The last quotation to share is â€Å"The evident contradiction between these heroes provoked Daniel Boorstin’s observation that ‘Never did a more incongruous pair than Davy Crockett and George Washington live together in a national Valhalla.’ And yet, as Boorstin admits, ‘both Crockett and Washington were popular heroes, and both emerged into legendary fame during the first half of the 19th century,’† (Ray 4). This quotation can be found on page four in the second

BSkyB and ESPN Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

BSkyB and ESPN Research - Essay Example The vital objective behind employing an effective system of performance measurement could be stated to enhance the performance and the productivity of a particular organisation. The application of such a system would aid the organisation to serve its respective employees, stakeholders, customers and owners in an increasingly better manner (Johnson, 2006). The implementation of an accurate system of performance measurement would help to bring out the information which would evidently indicate the health along with the future and the present position of a business. The system of measuring the performance of an organisation would provide with necessary and vital information regarding the ways of enhancing the prospects and minimising the challenges posed to an organisation. An appropriate system of performance measurement facilitates an organisation to plan, gauge and manage its overall business performance in accordance with an already set strategy. In other words, it can be stated tha t such a system would facilitate a specific business to attain the aspired results and would also enable the organisation to create shareholder worth (Johnson, 2006). The Balanced Scorecard The system of balanced scorecard (BSC) is considered to be the most broadly employed system of gauging the performance of an organisation in the present day context. This particular system entails the parameters of measuring the performance from few different aspects. These aspects include a customer perspective, learning as well as an innovative perspective, financial perspective and an internal perspective related to the business process (Johnson, 2006). With the aid of the employment of such different perspectives, this system takes into concern both kinds of performance measures that is leading as well as lagging. The consideration of both the kinds of performance measures aids in delivering and ascertaining an increasingly balanced perception with regard to the performance of the organisatio n. The leading indicators entail vital measures like customer contentment, timely delivery, development of fresh products and developing the capabilities of the employees. The conventional lagging indicators take into concern the financial measures like the factor of profitability and increase in the revenue. This system of balanced scorecard is considered to be beneficial and effective for organisations as it facilitates the organisations to bring into line each and every staff level towards a particular strategy for the purpose of carrying it out more successfully (Johnson, 2006). Suggested Balanced Scorecard Measures for BSkyB and ESPN Both the considered organisations i.e. BSkyB and ESPN need to implement the measures with regard to the balanced scorecard system which would aid the organisations to monitor their respective performances. The organisations would need to evidently state its mission statement. After this the strategic purposes in harmony with its mission statement n eeds to be recognised. Determination of the strategic aims would aid the companies to develop a comprehension regarding the role of

Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness Assignment

Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness - Assignment Example Thus, strategic competitiveness can be regarded as a consequence or outcome of effective strategic management from a critical viewpoint. Undoubtedly, strategic management and strategic competitiveness are two fundamental attributes which are essentially required by modern day organizations to achieve as well as sustain in the leadership position. From a broader perspective, these two concepts can be identified as based various factors or managerial elements such as organizational vision, mission and its business administration strategies to name a few (Hitt, Ireland & Hoskisson, 2010). Based on this particular notion, the aim of the discussion henceforth will be to analyze the strategic competitiveness and the efficiency of strategic management process as practiced by Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (Wal-Mart) in its regular business operations taking into account the effects of globalization and technological alterations in its international industrial context. Effects of Globalization and Te chnology on Wal-Mart One of the positive effects led by globalization which is identifiable in relation to Wal-Mart has been the exposure to worldwide consumer market. It can be stated in this regard that globalization has provided a noteworthy scope to Wal-Mart in terms of cost leadership advantages. It is worth mentioning in this regard that owing to the cost efficient market structure of Wal-Mart in its home country, the company had been able to market its products at a competitive price in the global consumer market. In other words, this globalization effect regulated a balance for permitting the expansion of quality products at a much lower rate in the global markets context which proved to be of great benefit to Wal-Mart (Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 2005). However, globalization also imposes certain negative implications which are commonly identified in terms of increased competition and significant influence of governmental interventions. It is worth mentioning that owing to such influences, Wal-Mart also had to face certain disruptions in its strategic management processes in performing the responsibilities of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Wal-Mart also had to witness significant challenges in relation to the diversity of cultures and market structures prevailing in different economic contexts all around the world. This can also be regarded as a vital challenge imposed by globalization effects upon organizations (Geref? & Christian, 2009). The effects of technology, in the similar context, can be considered as an important determinant which tends to impose significant impacts on the productivity of the retail outlets of Wal-Mart. Concerning today’s ever changing scenario, it can further be stated that the global retail market has been significantly influenced by the technology advancements. In relation to Wal-Mart’s strategic management initiatives in the global marketplace, can be observed as highly influenced by the te chnology effects. For instance, the company has been able to confirm efficient customer supply and almost accurate identification of the consumer demands. Technology has also played a vital role in increasing the efficiency of the overall business operations practiced in Wal-Mart

Was Erwin Rommels Command Style Beneficial?

Was Erwin Rommels Command Style Beneficial?

Maryland Science Assessments :: Essays Papers

Maryland Science Assessments Within the discipline of science there are facts, principles, skills, and processes of five classified standards: earth/space, biology, chemistry, physics, and environmental science. In the State of Maryland, the main assessment tool is the MSPAP (Maryland State Performance Assessment Program). Also, an individual teacher has to do assessment of his/her students throughout the school year. A teacher needs to know what to assess and how. Through an interview, a teacher of Bodkin Elementary has given her opinion about the state assessment test MSPAP. Maryland State has one major test that brings up many opinions of professionals in the education field. With state and classroom assessments Maryland’s intention is to measure their school improvement within the discipline of science as well as mathematics, reading, writing, language usage, and social studies. The Maryland State Performance Assessment Program (MSPAP) is "an assessment or testing program whose primary purpose is to provide information that can be used to improve instruction in schools"(MSDE, 1999). Students in third, fifth, and eighth grades take the MSPAP assessment each May. The assessment was created to be able to test the how well the students could solve problems both individually and with others, to see if they can use background knowledge to solve real world problems and to see if students can use knowledge from one subject into another. Students normally work in groups to complete the task they are given for each subject. Students are required to write extensively unlike other forms of assessment or testing where students fill out bubble forms such as scantron. The MSPAP assessment takes five days with 105 minutes spent each day on the assessment. Sample problems are given to teachers to help their students prepare for they type of activities and writing assignments they will be given on the task. One example task for eighth grade science students is to look at scientific data on the solar system and to write at least three questions that they can ask after looking at the data(Carr, 2000). After students have asked the questions they then need to "describe three repeating patterns of astronomical change that occur in the sky above us"(Carr, 2000) The MSPAP was created in May, 1990 by many teachers and administrators after the State Board of Education came up with learning goals that they wanted to reach by the year 2000. The MSPAP has six sections: reading, writing, language use, mathematics, science, and social studies.

Merck & Co. Performance Appraisal System Essay

1) WHY? Brief Background on Merck & Co. Performance Appraisal System The past and existing performance appraisal of Merck & Co. was ineffective to identify and reward performance to a certain extent. Although the company was paying their employees around seven to eight percent more than the average compensation in other large companies, the performance appraisal system did not clearly identified outstanding performance, which caused inequity in rewarding performance and led to unhappiness among the employees, especially the high performers. Compared to the average performers, there was only marginal increase in salary for outstanding performers. Without proper recognition and rewards, the company was at risk of losing its high performers and keeping the worst performers. Core Problems and Its Causal Identification: High Degree of Criterion Deficiency and Criterion Contamination The core problems identified for inequity in performance appraisal was the high degree of Criterion Deficiency and Criterion Contamination in performance appraisal, forced distribution in performance rating and biasness in performance appraisal. There were 3 causal for the core problems. The 3 causal were namely: 1) the company’s absolute performance rating scale, 2) company’s salary determination under the old plan and 3) superiors’ biasness in appraisal. Recommendation Using Core Concepts to Solve the High Degree of Criterion Deficiency and Criterion Contamination The 3 proposed recommendation to address the 3 causal are namely: 1) identifying conceptual criteria through employees’ job analysis to eliminate criterion deficiency and contamination in performance appraisal, 2) employee comparison models (rank-order method) to identify outstanding performers under salary determination and 3) introducing an ongoing assessment to eliminate superior’s biasness. 2) WHAT? Causal 1: Performance Appraisal under the Old Plan (Criterion Deficiency & Criterion Contamination) The Absolute performance rating scale could only rate the individual’s performance independent of the performances of other employees. In my opinion, this individual’s performance rating scale was no longer relevant or sufficient in big company like Merck & Co in the present. From the case, it was noted that an employee was dissatisfied that the company’s performance was average and 83 percent of the employees  were actually exceeding job expectations. This had proven that the performance appraisal system was inaccurate in measuring the employee’s performance. For example, it might be due to the fact that the effectiveness of the company depends on an individual’s performance, that was interdependent on his subordinates, superior and even colleagues in a team context. Thus, an absolute performance rating scale would be ineffective in identifying and rewarding true performance as it had caused a criterion deficiency of excluding the team performance as one of the important criteria for performance appraisal. Causal 2: Salary Determination under the Old Plan (Forced Distribution for Performance Rating) In Merck & Co., the salaries of the employees were determined by a salary line formula comprises of the Hay points system. The employees would then get their actual salary based on their percentage for compa-ratio on the control point. On the surface, this system seems to be structured in rewarding based on merit, but in fact, it was not effective in rewarding outstanding performers. Firstly, an employee’s compa-ratio would always be capped at the maximum of 125 percent. In other words, an employee can only earn a maximum of 25 percent more of the normal 100 percent salary even he had performed exceptionally well in his job. Secondly, consisten t good performers were unable to maintain compa-ratio of 120 percent and above due to the annual revision on the control points. When the control points increased, the compa-ratio of an employee would dropped for most of the time, regarding his performance. Thirdly, an outstanding employee with high compa-ratio would get lower pay increase compared to an employee with average compa-ratio, given the same performance ratings. This salary determination system discouraged outstanding employees to continue to perform as the reward they get out of this system was capped and limited, and similar to what average employees would get for their effort. From the case, one of the employee had actually voiced out that it was demoralizing and demotivating as no matter how hard he work, he will still get the same rating as everyone else and the same 5 percent increase in salary. In addition, as reflected from the case, the vast majority of the employees received 3 or 4 while very few received 1,2 and 5. There was a forced distribution for performance rating. This system had caused criterion deficiency as the determination of the employees’ salary was not clearly assessed on their performance and thus,  making the outstanding performers to feel inequity. Causal 3: No fairness in the Performance Measures (Biasness) There was a significant amount of complaints from the employees on the performance appraisal system as there were no fairness in the performance measures. This was caused by the biasness of the appraiser. The contributory factors of biasness could be vanity, narcissism, laziness and frivolity (Michael, 2007). For vanity, the appraiser would want to give high ratings to his subordinate so as to make his people and department to look good and get good bonuses and other rewards. In the case, an employee who was an appraiser commented that he was unable to rate his people objectively as other directors were giving all their people a rating of 4, and it makes him hard to give his people a rating of less than 4. For narcissism, the appraiser would measure performance using his own point of view. An employee reflected that managers were afraid of giving experienced people a rating of less than 4 but willing to give new people a rating of 3. The managers’ point of view was that experienced employees would get a rating of 4 and above while new employees would get a rating of 3. In the case of laziness, the appraiser measures assumed performance without any thoughts and efforts. This cou ld be related to the case whereby the experienced employees would be rated higher than the newcomers as it was assumed by the appraiser that the experienced employees were better than the newcomers in term of performance. Lastly, for frivolity, the appraiser was not serious in the appraisal and would look for ways to blame others rather than shouldering the responsibility for improving performance. From the case, an employee who performed well was not given a rating of 5 by his supervisor, as his supervisor did not get a 5 for his performance appraisal. It might be due to the supervisor’s self-interest that made him reluctant to give a rating of 5 to his subordinate. These errors of appraisal had caused the performance measures to lose its values and resulted in criterion deficiency and contamination as the appraisers were not doing their appraisal properly. 3) How? Recommendation 1 to address Causal 1: Identify Conceptual Criteria through Employees’ Job Analysis Firstly, the company should use job analysis as the procedure to find the criteria and job performance scope for its employees in order to eliminate criterion deficiency and contamination and increase  criterion relevance. Job analysis would help to identify conceptual criteria such as observable job behaviors and characteristics of the job environment. Based on a relevant set of performance criteria, the management would then be able to measure and reward their employees’ performance effectively and would in turns, accurately reflects the effectiveness of the organization and eliminate cases whereby most of the employees exceeded job expectations when the company was only doing average in performance. Recommendation 2 to address Causal 2: Employee Comparison models (Rank-order method) as the Appraisal Method for Salary Determination Secondly, in order to improve on the way that the company determine the employees’ salary, the management can implement rank-order method as the performance rating for salary determination. In the company’s existing performance appraisal program, the management used forced distribution whereby the vast majority of the employees were given an average ratings and very few employees were given in the high and low ratings. This was reflected in the salary determination for the employees where there were no significant difference in the salary among the employees. It was ineffective to some extent in rewarding the outstanding performers as only a small proportion or percentage of the employees would get high ratings for their performance. Thus, it was recommended for the management to use the rank-order method so as to force the appraiser to p erform detailed analysis on the employees and rank them in order of their performance. Unlike forced distribution, the rank-order method can be motivating for the employees to perform as it objectively identify the worst and outstanding performers without the restriction of the quotas to meet in these two categories. When the salary determination system was paired up with Rank-order Appraisal method, according to the order of employees’ ranking, it can create a distinct gaps in terms of Hay points and Compa-Ratio between poor to average and high performers. Also, the employees in top rankings would get higher ratings in performance appraisal. Based on the salary line formula, rank-order performance rating method would significantly increase the salary gap between average and high performers contributed by the increase in the Hay Points, Compa-Ratio and performance ratings earned by the high performers. Recommendation 3 to address Causal 3: An Ongoing Assessment & Self-Assessment (360 Degrees Feedback) Thirdly, in addition of the  yearly formal performance appraisal, the company can introduce a weekly or monthly ongoing performance assessment and self-assessment to measure its employees’ performance effectively. The ongoing assessment must be objective, job-related and provide appeal process for employees who are not satisfied with the performance rating. With an ongoing assessments put in place, the management would minimize biasness by using and compare a variety of performance evaluations such as 360 degrees feedback that involve multiple appraisers and would also prevent the appraiser to appraise based on their own biasness without any substantial proof on the employees’ performance. The ongoing assessment would promote fairness in performance appraisal. Reference: Case Study 1) Merck & Co., Inc. (A) 2) The 7 Deadly Sins of Performance Measurement and How to Avoid Them

buy custom Mobile Telecommunications in a World essay

buy custom Mobile Telecommunications in a World essay Nokia has been beaten by Apple Inc to become the largest Smartphone manufacturing company in the world. In the second quarter of this year, a financial performance review was conducted and the companys revenue fell by 7 percent. Reports have shown that Nokia has been lagging behind in the Smartphone market. It has been confirmed that Nokias position has began to falter, a statement that was read in February. This was verified when a memo was sent to the Nokia staff. It had contained a vent talking about Nokias position in the Smartphone market, it was increasingly lagging behind. In July 25th 2011 it was quoted that there was no cell phone that had the equivalent of the Apple Inc product. Googles Android which was two years old was confirmed to occupy the second position in the Smartphone market. In the year 2010, Nokias market share was seen to decrease from 38 percent to 28 percent. Nokia has therefore lost the time to pursue the successes achieved by the iPhone and Android. This is because it has lagged behind the trend that has been established in the mobile phone market. Nokia was adopted by the Symbian Operating system which has been increasingly retarded thus leading to its criticism. In the current air, Nokia Smartphone shipments have fallen 34 percent to 16.7 Million units as compared to Apple which has sold more than 20 Million units of iPhone in the same period. (Curwen, 2011) Nokia has recently laid off to 700 employees in the UK; a step that was directed to saving the companys set targets. Since the late 1990s, Nokia has already been entrenched in the first ranking when it had won a competition against Motorola. It has actually been known as a winner in the simple mobile market where as Apple Inc consists of a Co business that was originally on the computer. Apple Inc began introducing the Smartphone iPhone. Radical changes has been effected by the Nokias hief executive as its fourth quarter results have portrayed that it has rapidly lost ground to the Smartphone makers using Apple and Googles Android Operating system. Nokia is working very hard so as to adopt with the changing markets. Results of Nokia Sales Net Profit Earnings per share Dividend 12.7 Billion 745 Million 0.2 0.4 An increase of 6% A decrease of 21% A decrease of 31% n/c So as to try and improve the Finnish companys weak sales in the US Nokia may try to use Operating systems made by Android or Microsofts Smartphones. Its shares have fallen almost 9 percent which portrays a confirmation of a steep decline in the Smartphone market share. Nokia has been unable to come up with mobile phones that can compete with Apple iPhone and Smartphones that use Googles Android Operating system, a procedure that has contributed greatly to its falling profitability. Its Operating profit has decreased from 1.47 Billion to 1.09 Billion which clearly shows its lagging nature in the phone market. (Pan, 2010) The Nokia Company has been expected to stick with its existing Symbian Operating system and MeeGo Smartphone Operating system in the majority of its Markets. However, for the US markets they aare expected to use the alternatives of Android or Microsofts Smartphone Operating system as explained earlier on. Android was earlier on rejected as it was claimed that its use could damage Nokias attempt of turning the fledgling MeeGO Operating system into a leading alternative to both the Apple and Google Smartphone platforms. Conclusion There are some significant challenges in Nokias competitiveness and their execution. The industry has greatly changed and thus they too have to change so as to compete with it, the changing industry. Nokia should come up with a competitive smart phone that can incorporate a number of factors. These factors may include the following: a user friendly hardware, software and services. Comparison of Nokias financial performance with the bench market Irrespective of losing the market share and the change in their strategies, Nokia is still the company that has the biggest share in the mobile device market. It owns a total of 22.8 percent of the mobile device market. Samsung comes in closely and has been confirmed to be the second company in the market with a total of 16.3 percent of the market share. There are a couple of other major handset manufacturing companies that come after this two. They include: LG, Apple, RIM, Motorola, and Sony Ericson. The other companies take approximately 35.8 percent of the market share. (Leonard, 2010) However, a different situation occurs in the Smartphone market whereby Android is in a good position in this market where it takes about 43.4 percent of the Smartphone operating system market. Apples iPhone operating system also comes in with 18.2 percent of the market share. Symbian, an operating system that has adopted Nokia takes 22.1 percent of the recent market although this number has been confirmed to decrease from quarter to quarter. Buy custom Mobile Telecommunications in a World essay

Genetically Modified Crops Position Essay

Genetically Modified Crops Position Essay Genetically Modified (Gm) foods are genetically modified organisms (GMO) that have their genome altered through genetic engineering techniques. The plants have been produced by techniques in which "foreign" genes are inserted into the microorganism, plant, or animal. The foreign genes are inserted into the GMO for some beneficial effect, (increase crop yield, insect resistance, and added nutrition). Numerous arguments dealing with GM foods, but the main arguments deal with the benefits and the risks.The argument used by biotech companies is that genetically engineered crops could be the next green revolution. They argue that GMOS can help people with insecure food supplies, especially in developing countries. For example, a genetically modified rice crop that is resistant to flooding and that can withstand being submerged for 3 weeks (usually rice crop dies underwater after one week) would mean a more secure food supply for many Asian countries. Another problem that has been devastat ing banana trees is the fungus Black Sigatoka.Top: Lesser cornstalk borer larvae extensively dam...The fungus kills banana trees and the only way of treating the fungus is with heavy doses of fungicides that are losing ground against the fungus as it builds up more and more resistance. Genetically modified banana trees that are resistant might be the only way to save many of our favorite banana varieties in grocery stores and help protect food supplies in tropical countries. Another great benefit that has nothing to do with nutrition that involve GMOs are crops that are produced for chemicals that are used in drugs and pharmaceuticals that have benefits from being able to produce many different type chemicals as well as mass production potential (GMO Compass).So genetically engineering is fairly or I should say some what embraced in the U.S. Why is that? If anyone researches GMOs on mainstream sources your notice something...

English MOTIF THEME Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

English MOTIF THEME - Essay Example As a result of the shame she has brought on her family, the girl is sent off to Mexico to live with her cousins before the baby is born. The information provided in the story regarding the girl and the man she fell in love with, as well as what happens to her and what she can expect in her future, is all presented in piece-meal format, leaving more to the reader’s imagination than is actually spelled out within the text. This motif of telling the story in small pieces helps to illuminate the way in which the young girl is forced to live her life – understanding only small pieces of her own story at a time. The motif of broken pieces is applied to several elements of the story including the development of the main characters. The girl is revealed to the reader through small revelations made throughout the story. From her introduction, the reader is able to deduce that she has become pregnant out of wedlock while still under the care of her elders, but little else is known about her. That she is not too proud is demonstrated in her willing admission that she is bad and follows in a long line of bad behavior, but despite this admission, the reader is not given a very deep glimpse into the reasons why she thinks herself bad other than that she has thought about sex before. Her innocence is also illustrated rather than stated in her gullibility to the man’s statements and in her belief that love is like magic and will transport her into another, more glamorous world. It is almost halfway through the story before the reader is given a name for the girl, Ixchel, but it remains unclear whether this is her true name or a magic name she’s given herself as the consort of the Mayan king and even furth er before we gain an understanding of her age as she is pulled out of eighth grade when her uniform becomes tight. There is actually more information provided in the text about the man who seduces her than there is about the girl. The

Ethical dilemma about the same sex marriage Research Paper - 1

Ethical dilemma about the same sex marriage - Research Paper Example Two people belonging to the same sex getting marriage do not cause any sort of harm to the society. Society that does not give the permission to the gay people to get married is not saving the people from any harm but is causing the renunciation of basic human rights which hence is unethical. Both these concepts are considered to be the conditions of ethics. However, a society denying the rights of gay people to get married is unethical. It is a fact that gay marriages do affect the purity of the cultural concepts, the religious scholars, the sanctity regarding the natural human intimacy, etc. Some of the Christian, Muslim and Jewish extremists think that it is against their faith for the people belonging to same sex to have lustful and loving feelings for one another. The Christian extremist going back to the bible may quote that Our Creator finds it unacceptable to go against the law of nature. The book of Genesis states that God has created a man for a woman and a woman for a man and it cannot be other way around. Most of the faiths also agree to the fact that the primary purpose of marriage is reproduction, which however cannot take place naturally in the same sex marriages (Benson, 2013). There are some of the religious scholars that do support the gay marriages by stating that God condemns such marriages only when it is based on lust not love. Some of the supporters of gay marriages also say that the story of creation present in the religious books is more symbolic than real. In the modern world there are a large group of people which think that marriage is more about love and understanding than starting a new family, so therefore they do not considered gay marriage an unethical issue (Cline, 2013). There are people who do not belong to any faith yet they consider gay marriages being unethical because they feel that it is wrong for the people belonging to the same sex to be in any kind of relationship. This is because