Skate Boarding - Skate Boards and Protective Gear :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Skate Boards and Protective Gear     The notion that safety-related set up reduces the injuries suffered in accidents seems at first glance to be an obvious conclusion. After all, it is the aim of these products to either prevent accidents from occuring in the first place or to reduce the injuries suffered by the we ber should an accident occur. However, the conclusion that investing in high quality protective flip greatly reduces the risk of being severely injured in an accident may mask other (and potentially more than significant) causes of injuries and may enliven people to over invest financially and psychologically in protective gear.     First of all, as mentioned in the argument, there are two distinct kinds of gear -- preventative gear (such as light reflecting material) and protective gear (such as helmets). Preventative gear is think to warn others, presumably for the most part motorists, of the strawman of the roller skater. It works on ly if the other is a responsible and caring individual who will afford the skater the necessary space and attention. Protective gear is intended to reduce the effect of any accident, whether it is caused by an other, the skater or some force of nature. Protective gear does little, if anything, to prevent accidents but is presumed to reduce the injuries that occur in an accident. The statistics on injuries suffered by skaters would be more interesting if the skaters were grouped into those wearing no gear at all, those wearing protective gear only, those wearing preventative gear only and those wearing both. These statistics could provide skaters with a clearer understanding of which kinds of gear are more beneficial.     The argument above is weakened by the fact that it does not convey into account the inherent differences between skaters who wear gear and those who do not. If is at least likely that those who wear gear may be generally more responsible and/or safety conscious individuals. The skaters who wear gear may be less likely to cause accidents through careless or risky behavior. It may, in fact, be their natural caution and responsibility that keeps them out of the emergency room rather than the gear itself. Also, the statistic above is based entirely on those who are skating in streets and parking lots which are relatively dangerous places to

Poes Fall of The House of Usher - The House and its Inhabitants :: Fall House Usher Essays

The House and its Inhabitants In the story The Fall of the House of Usher, Poe presents the history of the end of an illustrious family. As with many of Poes stories, fit and mood contribute greatly to the overall tale. Poes descriptions of the house itself as well as the inhabitants thereof invoke in the reader a odour of gloom and terror. This can best be seen first by considering Poes description of the house and then comparing it to his description of its inhabitants, Roderick and Madeline Usher. Poe uses several descriptive lecture in his portrayal of the house. The readers first impression of the house comes from a direct observation from the fabricator. This unnamed narrator states, with the first glimpse of the building, a sense of insufferable gloom pervaded my spirit. As the narrator continues to describe the house he uses several similarly dismal adjectives. The gloom experienced by the narrator is not limited to merely the house itself. The vegetation, which surrou nds the area, is described as a few rank sedges and a few white trunks of decayed trees. He emphasizes these facets of the house and its environs by restating the descriptions reflected in a black and lurid tarn. The narrator points out that the house seems to be in a dilapidated condition. duration he claims that the house appears structurally sound, he takes sequence to comment upon the crumbling condition of the individual stones. He also emphasizes the long history of the house by stating that its features retrovert an excessive antiquity. To of the most striking descriptions used to portray the house are those of the windows and the fissure. He describes the windows as vacant and eye-like. With this description the narrator effectively anthropomorphizes the house. Thus he almost gives the status of character to the house. The other outstanding description is that of the fissure. It is described as a barely perceptible fissure, which extends from the roof of the building in front, making its vogue down the wall in a zigzag direction, until it becomes lost in the sullen waters of the tarn. It is interesting to note that the narrator spends so much time describing a feature that he describes as barely perceptible. The first of the two Ushers to be introduced to the reader is Roderick. He is first seen lying upon a couch.

Achilles Changes Essay -- essays research papers

The Iliad, a book by Homer about the Trojan War, focuses a lot on Achilles and his internal struggle with his personal desires. In the clip of the Trojan War, there was an unspoken code of morals and how warriors of honor should follow. If they did not fight or acted cowardly it not only brought them shame but their family represent was looked down on. Warriors that were defeated werent always killed because they were sometimes taken prisoner to be used for ransom money or gifts. However, in the Iliad, Homer shows that charity rarely is evident in war. Achilles stubborn and cowardly sides are shown when Ajax, Phoenix, and Odysseus travel to visit him and beg him to return to the fight. Instead of acting like an honorable warrior, he refuses after listening them plead for his help in the fight. He said that he would not return until his own Greek warriors ships were on fire from Trojan flames.Achilles rage and childishness is revealed when he learns of his friend, and father figu res death, and becomes not only enraged but cries like a child. Children, when they get angry because of something that somebody did to them, their first thoughts of what they can do to get back at them, to make things even. This is what Achilles does. When Hector killed Patroclus he also took the armor that Patroclus was wearing which belonged to Achilles. This is the point at which Achilles determine show because this when he decides to r...

Language Acquisition :: essays research papers fc

CONTENTIntroduction ........ 3Main body1. Language acquisition .........42. The storys of language acquisition ............ 52.1. The prelinguistic stage .....................72.2. Babbling ................... 72.3. One-word utterances .................92.4. Two-word utterances .................... 102.5. Telegraphic spoken communication ...........132.6. Language learning during the pre-school period ..163. The critical period ....... 174. The summary of behaviours to expect of children with normally developing speech and language 195. The language acquisition cannot be sped up .. 206. Tips to help develop speech communication in a child ...22Conclusion ... 24Bibliography .... 25INTRODUCTIONChildrens acquisition of language has long been considered one of the unequivocally defining characteristics of human behaviour.Still today, it is the commonly held belief that children acquire their mother tongue through imitation of the parents, caregivers or the people in their environment. Linguists too had the selfsame(prenominal) conviction until 1957, when a then relatively unknown man, A. Noam Chomsky, propounded his theory that the capacity to acquire language is in fact innate. This revolutionized the study of language acquisition, and after a brief period of controversy upon the publication of his book, Aspects of the Theory of Syntax, in 1964, his theories are now generally accepted as largely true. As a consequence, he was responsible for the emergence of a new field during the 1960s, Developmental Psycholinguistics, which deals with childrens first language acquisition. He was not the first to question our hitherto reticent acceptance of a debat satisfactory concept long before, Plato wondered how children could possibly acquire so complex a skill as language with so short experience of life. Experiments have clearly identified an ability to discern syntactical nuances in very young infants, although they are still at the pre-linguistic stage. Children o f three, however, are able to manipulate very complicated syntactical sentences, although they are unable to tie their own shoelaces, for example. Indeed, language is not a skill such as numerous others, like learning to drive or perform mathematical operations it cannot be taught as such in these early stages. Rather, it is the acquisition of language which fascinates linguists today, and how it is possible. Noam Chomsky morose the worlds eyes to this enigmatic question at a time when it was assumed to have a deceptively simple explanation.Further in this term-paper I am going to describe the stages in child language acquistion starting from the very birth of an infant till the onset of puberty.LANGUAGE ACQUISTION at that place are many facts that are intriguing about the language.

Civil War Medicine :: essays research papers

In the early years of the Civil War it became slang that disease would be the greatest killer. Twice as many Civil War soldiers died of disease then that were killed in combat. This was due to unsanitary and filthy conditions, primitive Medical personnel and poor medical examination of new soldiers. One fact from the Civil War was 315,000 soldiers died from illnesses that included 44,558 from diarrhea/dysentery, 10,063 from malaria, 34,833 from typhoid, 958 from typhus and 436 from chicken fever.The sanitary conditions that a cured during the civil war was shocking. Unsanitary hospitals and camps kept the wounded soldiers in large groups, which were ideal places for infection, fevers and disease to spread. Soldiers were not immune to childhood diseases like the measles and small pox.Medical science had not yet discovered the importance of antiseptics in preventing infection. Water was contaminated and soldiers sometimes ate young or spoiled food. There werent always clean rags available to clean wounds. Because of frequent shortages of water, surgeons often went days without washing their hands or instruments. So now germs were passing from patient to patient. The Civil War was fought at the end of the middle Ages therefore the Medical Corps was unqualified in all handle of medical care. Little was known about what caused disease, how to stop it from spreading, or how to cure it. Surgical techniques ranged from the tough to easy. Underqualified, understaffed, and undersupplied medical corps, who was often referred to as quacks and butchers by the press, took cared of the men in the Civil War. During this period a physician received minimal training. Nearly all the older doctors served as apprentices in lieu of formal education. Even those who attended one of the few medical schools were poorly trained. The average medical student trained for two years, received no experience, and was given virtually no lab instruction. Still, another reason for disease being the greatest killer in the Civil War was the bad medical examinations of recruits. The recruiting process allowed underage, overage men and those in noticeably poor health to join the army on both sides. Two hundred thousand recruits originally accepted for services were told to be indispose and discharged, either because they had become ill or because a routine examination revealed their bad condition.

Civil War Medicine :: essays research papers

In the early years of the Civil War it became clear that malady would be the sterling(prenominal) k sickisher. Twice as many Civil War soldiers died of disease then that were killed in combat. This was due to unsanitary and filthy conditions, untrained Medical personnel and abject medical examination examination of new soldiers. One fact from the Civil War was 315,000 soldiers died from illnesses that included 44,558 from diarrhea/dysentery, 10,063 from malaria, 34,833 from typhoid, 958 from typhus and 436 from yellow fever.The sanitary conditions that a recovered(p) during the civil war was shocking. Unsanitary hospitals and camps kept the wounded soldiers in large groups, which were ideal places for infection, fevers and disease to spread. Soldiers were not immune to childhood diseases like the measles and midget pox.Medical science had not yet discovered the importance of antiseptics in preventing infection. Water was contaminated and soldiers sometimes ate unripened or spo iled food. thither werent always clean rags available to clean wounds. Because of frequent shortages of water, surgeons often went days without washing their hands or instruments. So now germs were passing from long-suffering to patient. The Civil War was fought at the end of the middle Ages therefore the Medical Corps was unqualified in all fields of medical care. Little was know about what caused disease, how to stop it from spreading, or how to cure it. Surgical techniques ranged from the tough to easy. Underqualified, understaffed, and undersupplied medical corps, who was often referred to as quacks and butchers by the press, took cared of the men in the Civil War. During this period a physician received minimal training. Nearly all the older doctors served as apprentices in lieu of formal education. Even those who attended one of the few medical schools were poorly trained. The average medical student trained for two years, received no experience, and was given virtually no la boratory instruction. Still, another reason for disease being the greatest killer in the Civil War was the bad medical examinations of recruits. The recruiting process allowed underage, overage men and those in noticeably poor wellness to join the army on both sides. Two hundred thousand recruits originally accepted for services were told to be unfit and discharged, either because they had become ill or because a routine examination revealed their bad condition.

How does Robert Louis Stevenson use contemporary Victorian issues in “Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde”? Essay

Robert Louis Stevenson manages to blur the lines of reality in his novella, The antic Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. He does this by adding in small and, occasionally, well concealed ideas and themes of the Victorian era. This includes things like the level of annoyance in 1800s London and comparisons between Mr. Hyde and Jack the Ripper, Londons most ill-famed serial killer ever. It too shows how the Victorian middle and upper class sought respectability and on the outside, appeared to be upstanding members of the community. However, umpteen consumed in less than respectable acts such as meeting prostitutes and taking medicates such as opium in the many dens in the East End of London. This is very sympathetic to the double life of Jekyll and Hyde lead. But some of the storys plot can be traced back to how Edinburgh, Stevensons birth place and where he grew up.Stevenson was natural in Edinburgh, Scotland on 13th November, 1850. He was the son of a fainthearted house engin eer who saw Robert following in his footsteps. However, he took an interest in writing and became an author who studied at the University of Edinburgh. This is possibly where some of the inspiration came from for the book. As with all cities, Edinburgh had its more impoverished end. This, like the East End, had the opium dens and prostitutes that were so favorite with the higher echelons of society. Stevenson may sop up seen this during his childhood and studying there and included it in his book. These themes that shaped Stevensons, some of which Ive already mentioned, shaped the book.As I have said, crime in Victorian Britain played a huge part in both life and the book. The horrific Jack the Ripper murders hadnt interpreted place long before the book was written. These would have played a major part in the writing of the darker aspects of the book. Although these crimes took place hundreds of miles from his home but they could have had a major effect on the way Stevenson viewed things. They were, after all, brutal murders that still fascinate people today, from all across the globe. There were also new(prenominal) murders of the time that were gruesome and captivated the Victorians imagination. This influence is show in chapter 4 when, right at the begging, Stevenson begins to explain the actions of the murder.London was startled by a crime of singular ferocity. This is very similar to the Jack the Ripper cases in the sense that people were stunned by how gruesome they were. In the next section, it describes the action of the murder and besides how horrifying it was. Mr. Hyde broke out of all bounds and clubbed him to the earth. And next moment, with ape-like fury, he was trampling his victim low foot and hailing down a storm of blows, under which the bones were audibly shattered and the body jumped upon the roadway. This level of graphic detail do the murder seem almost unbearable to the reader sometimes make distress but always making the book stic k in their mind.The Victorian middle and upper classes need to look respectable was a capricious force in many of their activities. Many tried to present the image of being an upstanding member of the community while secretly being drunks, clients of prostitutes and drug addicts. They tried their best to keep this side of their lives quite by only visiting these places at night or making sure they were far from home. They also tried to show themselves as being a nice person by doing things for certain charities and being teetotal.This of course was not true and they did regularly engage in things that would be deemed as unfit for a gentleman of high standing. This was very similar to Jekyll who, even without the aid of Hyde, would indulge his darker side by doing many of the afore mentioned activates. This had the effect of making Hyde come out without the use of the potion. However, with Hyde, he would often go further with random acts of violence on unknown people. Hyde represent ed a complete collapse in law and order, a step back in the evolutionary chain. This may also have been a guiding light in Stevensons writings.Charles Darwins paper On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for keep was one of the most controversial scientific theories ever published. When released in 1859, many people didnt believe and, along with many other scientific discoveries, the church tried to ban it. It stated how through means of natural selection, only the fittest and best adapted to the environment. This is true of Hyde in a slightly backwards way. He was a step backwards in the sense that he was closer to a Neanderthal than a Homo Sapien. However, Hyde is a step forward in the sense that he could be the next step, despite appearing further back than the rest of the human population. This is quite a worrying though that homophiles may be a step too far in the evolutionary chain. This can be seen as a direct attack on evolution by Stevenson as he tries to show how, in some cases, the evolutionary chain breaks down.In conclusion, Stevenson uses the current news articles and views of the time to have a world which is in two worlds. One is the fictional London in which Hyde walks the streets, the other a London which really did exist. By creating this overlap, he made people feel like hey were involved, like what was happening in the book really could happen in real life. This may have been what made it a great success. However, one other theory that states that, at the time of writing the novella, Stevenson was high on cocaine and did not stop writing for 3 days. This throws in the question could all of the supposed ideas and views drawn from real life just be a drug educed haze? While there is no cover proof of this, it is quite interesting to think that one of the worlds greatest stories could be nothing more than the hallucinations of a junkie. Whether this is true or not, Th e Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde remains one of the greatest books ever written.

Western Australia Dhufish Management

The dhufish (Glaucosoma hebraicum) is a demersal fish species endemic to westmostern Australia. They populate the coastal region, about 20-50 meters deep, from Shark Bay to the Recherche Archipelago exclusively are most abundant between Kalbarri and Augusta (West Coast Bioregion, 2005, p.2). Because of their superb taste and large size, the dhufish is a prized catch for inexpert and commercial fishers who have reverend the species to its latest iconic status.The maximum lifespan of the dhufish is estimated at 40 years. Maximum length jackpot reach one meter or more and pitch can exceed 25 kilograms. They grow relatively fast before they reach 12 years old afterwhich growth rates slow down in the mouth noniceably. The minimum legal size of dhufish is 500mm which they reach inwardly 6-7 years (FMP No. 225, 2007, p.23)Female dhufish are ready to spawn once they are 3 or 4 years old, having reached an average length of 33 centimeters (Factsheet 3, 2007). However, female dhufis h spawn the most eggs when they are older. The spawning season occurs between November to March when the waters get fond(p) but is at its peak from December to March. Here, dhufish aggregations can be spotted in the waters.Dhufish Habitat and Current Status The dhufish habitat is in the waters of the West Coast bioregion considered to be a temperate oceanic zone (West Coast Bioregion, 2005, p.2). During their early life stages, dhufish occupy the hard-bottom seabed where there are plenty of sponges but as they mature, they move to low-lying reefs and then to major reefs where they are observed to be sedentary (Hesp, Potter and Hall as cited in Pagano and Fuller, 2006, p.7). This environment has been relatively invariable so that drastic changes would cause severe adaptation problems for dhufish.Current research reveals that the temperature of ocean waters and food for thought sufficiency are crucial factors that affect the per centum of young dhufish survival or recruitment (Fac tsheet 3, 2007). When conditions in the environment are at its best, dhufish recruitment is also at its highest resulting in a remarkable improver in fish population described as the boom years.During the past 2 decades however, boom years have been minimal. This phenomenon compounded by the emergence in sportfishing activity due to population and tourism factors and the technological advances in fishing methods have worked in concert to severely reduce the local dhufish buy in (Factsheet 3, 2007).The decrease in in-shore dhufish populations is especially marked in the metropolitan coasts (i.e. Lancelin to Mandurah) where fishers now have to go farther out to sea in order to shore fish. The concern over the depletion of dhufish stock grew within the past 10 years leading to the conduct of various researches and management efforts. Currently, the dhufish is classified by the Fisheries Board as Category One or highest risk (Recreational Fishing Guide, 2007).The natural mortality r ate of 10% per annum has been exceeded by the fishing mortality rate of 11% per annum, objectively indicating that the dhufish are already being overexploited (Gaughan as cited in Pagano and Fuller, 2006, p.13). Because fishing mortality is based on annual fish catch, it does not even factor in the mortality due to release. A study has shown that most dhufish released die from deephooking or barotrauma (Gaughan and St. John, as cited in Pagano and Fuller, 2006, p.17). Fishing mortality has to be decreased by 50% in order to assure dhufish sustainability (FMP No. 225, 2007, p.6)Factors Affecting Dhufish StockFishing for recreation is part of the average Australians lifetime passions. Aside from the benefits of sport, Cribb (as cited in Pagano and Fuller, 2006) elucidates that there is a strong cultural element of communal food gathering and sharing in Western Australia, with many unpaid fishers specifically seeking fish for the consumption, sort of than for non-consumptive sport (p .34). Currently, it ranks fifth among 50 other amateur activities in terms of number of individuals participating.Recreational fishing, specifically angling, is practiced in areas where human populations are concentrated and mainly target inshore waters. Of the more than 2 million Western Australia population today, 34% engage in it representing a 7% accession since 1987 (Recfishwest, 2008). Frequency has increase to 311,400 fishing days a year with a 200% increase in the number of anglers per day within the past decade (Cribb as cited in Pagano and Fuller, 2006, p.38).Urbanization as well as land and sea transport infrastructure has made much of the coasts and near-shore waters accessible. At present, dhufish fishing has become more panoptic with the prevalent use of boats that can go as far out as 50 miles. In 2006, there were 81,417 registered recreational fishing boats and 138 charter fishing boats for tours, with majority in the Metropolitan Area (FMP No. 225, 2007, p. 33).T he promotion of recreational fishing in the media and internet, as well as the landing of dhufish as the eventual(prenominal) symbol of fishing success, has also further increased the interest of people in dhufish fishing. Anglers traditionally used two lines and simply fish by mitt but today, there have also been marked improvements in angling gear. The use of Global Positioning Systems and acoustic technology has also gained popularity among fishers and has made recreational fishing activities more efficient and productive.Modern commercial fishing now also employ DPS fishing machines and methods such as trawling and dredging can severely disrupt the food chain in the marine ecosystem and cause damage which affects the well-being of its species and reduces the availability of marine resources for human consumption (Cribb as cited in Pagano and Fuller, 2006, p.29).Of the estimated 409 tonnes of dhufish caught in the past year, recreational fishing accounted for 45%, commercial fi shing landed 44% while 5% was from chartered fishers (FMP No. 225, 2007, p.12-17). Recreational fishing provides $570M to the Western Australia economy each year (Recreational Fishing Guide, 2007, p.2).Commercial fishing or rigidlining is regarded today as an expensive economic endeavor with its reliance on costly equipment which greatly increases overhead expenses. Coupled with the write down catch rate in recent years and a steady dhufish price in the market, dhufish catch restrictions on one hand and the need to increase fish catch on the other poses a dilemma for commercial fishers (Shinnick as cited in Pagano and Fuller, 2006, p.24).Charter boat fishing involves recreational fishers/tourists who go fishing together and share the expenses of the trip. In this way, they can fish in deeper waters and minimize cost. The dream catch of charter boat fishers is the prized dhufish and although they tend to land other species instead, it does not translate to a fishing experience tha t is worth their money. As such, charter boat operators are pressured to enable their customers to land their dhufish (Beva as cited in Pagano and Fuller, 2006, p.29).Dhufish ManagementMuch of management relies on accurate information and research and an effective conceptual framework. Historically, much of dhufish fishing regulation has targeted commercial fishing because of the view that recreational fishing does not uphold significantly on fish stock. Hence, varying bag and other restrictions were enforced on wetliners while anglers were generally unrestricted.However, as the problem of dhufish overfishing became more pronounced in the mid 1990s, the state began to consider the range of management practices that can be adopted for mitigation. This included whether to target dhufish as a specific species and focus on its habitat ( biologic conservation) or adopt a broader ecosystem-based management (Cribb as cited in Pagano and Fuller, 2008, p.34)Interest in dhufish research by a cademic institutions, the fishing attention, recreational groups and the Department of Fisheries has been sparked within the past decade encouraged with significant funding from stake-holder sectors and the state. The current research available still poses a lot of data gaps and with regards to statistical information, there is a general clamor for a more accurate method of data generation, particularly with catch data and release data (McGlennon, 2004).Deeper research enables the formulation of abstract management strategies. However, the urgency of the problem forced policy makers to rely on the available preliminary information and research. This led to extensive stakeholders consultations geared towards developing a management plan acceptable to all and later, to legislations as can be evidenced in the latest Western Australia fishing guidelines and restrictions.ResearchMembers of the Western Australia fishing industry have initiated efforts in raising dhufish in attempts to s ustain or increase stock for current and future use but were highly unsuccessful. In 1995, the Aquaculture instruction Unit of Challenger TAFE conducted a research on dhufish breeding and declared that although possible, it was not feasible commercially (Jenkins as cited in Fuller and Pagano, 2006, p.5-6). This was because some biological characteristics of the dhufish hinder their unproblematic adaptation to aquaculture environments.Release methods pertain to the return of live undersize dhufish into the water. Because of the high mortality of released dhufish due to barotrauma, the Australian National Sportfishing Association (ANSA), with bear out from the Recfishwest and the Australian Anglers Association (AAA), developed the release weight method to reduce its incidence (Recfishwest, 2008).Research also showed that the lower the depth of water in which dhufish is caught, the more believably it would suffer barotrauma. The speed of bringing in the fish also determines its prob ability to die of it so that it is being advocated that fishers should bring in their dhufish more slowly, handle it with wet hands and support its belly during handling.Further and continuous research needs to be done on the life cycle of the dhufish, its behaviors, the crucial factors in its habitat as well as exploring and developing methods of conservation such as stock enhancement (FMP No. 176, 2004). With regards to surveys for monitoring stock, mortality, etc. similar surveys with minimal probabilities for bias should be done on a regular basis.LegislationSetting bag limits and other restrictions in recreational Dhufish fishing is an attempt to redefine its cultural norms as a friendly activity. This means changing peoples perceptions regarding their rights to fish and established measures of fishing success towards responsible fishing. This also means reconciling the welfare of the fish with current and long term human benefits.Major change in practice needs education and e nforcement before it becomes the norm. The consultation process was instrumental in gaining the cooperation of all sectors involved. The partnerships among stakeholders should be maintained in order to make dhufish management participatory and with less intensive state regulatory measures.The new fishing guidelines are intended to grant the dhufish to breed a few years after sexual maturity before being caught, allow them to spawn during the whole duration of the spawning season finished imposing closed seasons (Recreational Fishing Guide, 2007). It also intended to lower fishing mortality through restrictions in fishing gear and the number of fish that can be landed by individuals as well as prescribe appropriate release methods and appropriate fishing areas (Hesp, Potter and Hall, p.8 and Recreational Fishing Guide, 2007).Community EducationThe protagonism for dhufish management should be widely supported and sustained in the coming years. Aside from research and legislation, co mmunity education is also very alpha. The commercial, charter and recreational fishing sectors have a lot to contribute in this aspect. Fishing and recreational associations and clubs should be involved in order to reach out to great numbers of operators, fishers, tourists and other individuals and facilitate both research and legislation. Public education and information campaigns through the media should also be maximized including the internet as equally important channels.

The worst birthday ever

The Worst Birthday Ever Vive had my fair-share of bad birthdays, but there Is one that excel them all by a long shot. In order to understand the happenings in the story to come, you must know a few things. My younger brother, Austin, had been inexorable a few days prior to this particular day. Austin had a high fever, a cough, and a drippy nose. Worst, or best of all, depending on how you ask at it, he was constantly sleeping By nature, my mother was worried about him. She was constantly giving her attention to him, if she wasnt working.On February 18, 2008, I woke up finally as an eight year old I was so excited that it was my birthday and to get the extra attention. My eyes exposed and I immediately thought of the cake, the presents, the attention, the birthday wishes, the money, and the food. I got up and went to the com projecter room. My mom was on the mall computer working art object my brother was lying on a padded bench, disguised In a blanket, sleeping. I walked In a nd no one said a word to me How dare they I thought. I didnt say anything and just walked oer, to the unfinished computer, to play my favorite game, Virtual Knee Surgery.It felt like I had been on the computer for hours I finally got up to go to the bathroom. I opened the door to see my older sister, Cattail, finally awake, sitting on the toilet. I quickly shut the door. I had to go to the bathroom so bad I thought I was going to explode. I was waiting so long that I didnt even up have to go anymore. I finally walked back to computer room. I got back on my game. Not even ten legal proceeding went by, when, BAM It happened. I heard a slight moaning noise coming from my brothers direction. I at a time looked up at my, sick, little, brother and saw the Image that I cant forget no matter owe hard I try.He was shaking violently. He spitting, drooling, and even foaming at the mouth like a rabid dog. His eyes were indeed opened, but his pupils were certainly not present. His eyes had rolled to the back of his head. His beat turned a bluish color. He had saliva all over his face and chest. I had been looking at him for a solid three minutes before he got loud enough for my mom to hear. I was frozen in place with my mouth open, starring in terror. I had no cue stick what was going on. He couldnt talk or even breathe. I remember thinking, Oh no, not on my birthday My mom finally looked over and freaked out.She shook him mildly for a few seconds. He wouldnt budge. He wouldnt respond to anything she said. She grabbed him and carried him Into the bathroom. My sister and I sat In the doorway and watched as she ran cold water over his head. He was still shaking and foaming. My mom told us to call 91 1 and then told us what to tell them. We Immediately ran to phone. She picked up the phone and dialed 911. While it rang we fought over who got to talk to the 911 operator. I was extremely ringing and a lady answered the phone. My sister immediately yelled, My brother is y in After the lady asked my sister a few questions she put the phone down. We waited maybe two minutes before the paramedics showed up. The walked in and went straight to the bathroom. They handled everything and got my brother under control. Later that night we left the house for my birthday dinner. I was excited to finally have the attention on myself. Nope. We got there and all the attention was on my brother. I had to sit at the end of the table while my brother sat at the front of the table getting my attention. Needless to say, that was my worst birthday ever

Constructivism

Introduction Russian architecture since the eleventh century up to the early twentieth century was predominantly religious. For many centuries, churches were the simply buildings that were constructed out of stone. However, the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the influence of the Suprematism movement of 1915 brought about the birth of Constructivism, the modernistic architectural style of Russia from 1924-1932. The brief period that followed the 1917 Revolution marked the get-go of the influence of the van Constructivist movement in the structure and propose of major buildings.It enjoyed a short popularity until the late 1920s when it was repudiated by the more conservative Stalinist-era architecture. The principles of Constructivism theory come from trinity main art movements that evolved in Europe during the early part of the 20th century Russian Suprematism, Dutch Des Stijl, or Neo Plasticism, and the Bauhaus in Germany . historic Backdrop The Russian Revolution of 1917 In ea rly 20th century Russia, particularly in 1917, there was a series of revolutions that eventually destroyed the autarky of the Tsar.This series of revolutions led by the workers of Russia under their leader Vladimir Lenin was known as the Russian Revolution. The February Revolution in March of 1917 focuse on St. Petersburg. During this time, the Soviets, or workers councils, delegated to the members of the majestic Parliament the task of governing Russia and overthrowing Nicholas II, the Tsar during that time and the last of the Tsars. Meanwhile, the Soviets, led by the socialists or Bolsheviks, had the full allegiance of the lower-class citizens and workers as well as the political left. The Bolsheviks thus formed workers militias.In the October Revolution that followed, the Bolshevik party under the command of their leader Vladimir Lenin, as well as the workers councils, overthrew the Provisional Government in St. Petersburg. Eventually, the success of the revolution paved the w ay for the birth of the USSR. After this series of events, peasants took over the lands previously owned by the vassals and redistributed land. This withal marked the beginning of communal existence especially among the working classes, which led to the building of several constructivist buildings to house the commencement exercise ommunities and to promote the ideology of communism. The Suprematism Movement of 1915 Suprematism is the main ideology in art that inspired Constructivism, which is the predominant architectural style of Russia during the period from 1924 to 1932. Suprematism lasted from 1915 to 1935 and is regarded as the first systematic school of modernism based on purely epitome pictorial compositions and geometric figures. It is a Russian art movement which was originally founded in Moscow in 1913 by the Russian painter Kazimir Malevich.Malevich advocated Suprematism as he believed that this is the perfect way to liberate art from the ballast of the representation al world. He himself did this by producing art consisting of geometrical shapes like a shotly painted on the surface of the canvass. The mark of Suprematism is pure sensation and the pictorial space should be emptied of all symbolic content as in Surrealism. Malevich believed that art has to be decongested and cleared in ordinance to show a new reality where the most important thing is thought as well as sensation.Malevichs Suprematism was overly heavily influenced by the then avant-garde movements in art such as Cubism and Futurism. Suprematism, considering that it was based on Malevichs spiritual beliefs, was regarded as non-objective and apolitical. Aside from its use of only geometric shapes as the ones demonstrate by constructivist forms of architecture, Suprematism also emphasized the use of a limited discolour range, which explains the overall appearance of constructivist buildings.The Beginnings and Golden Age of Constructivism The development of Suprematism led to th e movement toward a non-objective art, or art without a subject, in architecture. During the early years of Constructivism, the Russian modernists or avant-garde started embracing Cubism and Futurism, which were 2 of the major sources of influence of Constructivism. Cubism was a 20th century modern movement popularized by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque in France and other parts of Europe from 1907-1921.Futurism, on the other hand, started in Italy in 1910 and from 1920-1940 was use in the social brass section of buildings despite the opposition of the fascist state which spareed classical Roman imperial patterns. In 1913-1914, the Russian and Soviet architect and painter Vladimir Tatlin apply industrial materials to denounce and exhibit a number of relief braids. He was inspired by Italian futurist Umberto Boccionis dream of plastic configurations in space and Pablo Picassos 3D collages, both(prenominal) of which he described by using the term Constructivism.Vladimir Tatli n was indeed the progenitor of this post-Revolutionary movement in architecture. The year 1921 marked the appearance of the first Constructivist manifesto by and by(prenominal) the formation of the First Working Group of Constructivists in Moscow. The key artists were Vladimir Tatlin, Kasmir Malevich, Liubov Popova, Aleksandr Rodchenko, Vavara Stepanova, Vasily Kandinsky, Naum Gabo, Antoine Pevsner, El Lissitzky. Actual constructivist theory and plan practice began in 1922 in conjunction with the conceptuality of Vesnin brothers of the computer programme for the rook of Labor, which was presented during a competition in 1922.However, actual building on a significant scale did not start until 1925 after the design of the Union of Modern Architects, the official organization of the Russian Constructivist architects. By 1925, the first experimental office and residential buildings began their first appearance. Towards the end of 1925, the Constructivists of Russia formed their own organization as a response to the decision of the Rationalists to establish the Association of New Architects, or ASNOVA, two years earlier in 1923.While the Rationalists and ASNOVA centre on their inquisition for purely aesthetic abstract forms, the Constructivists and OSA (union of modern architecture) brought to life a novel, more practical architectural form, with reference to the purpose of the of the specific building, the materials used to construct it, its design and other conditions for production, and most of all the promotion of social development of Russia at that time. While the Rationalist emphasized the artistic or aesthetic side of architecture, the Constructivists favoured its operable aspect.The period from1927 to 1929 was considered the golden age of Russian avant-garde architecture. In these triple years, a small group of Russian constructivist architects was able to build or plan the best-known buildings in the country. Among the structures built during this time were the Zuyev Club by Ilya Golosov, all the clubs by Konstantin Melnikov and his house, Lenins Mausoleum and the Narkomzem building by Aleksey Shchusev, Narkomfin by Ginzburg and Milinis, the Barshchs and Sinyavskys Planetarium, and Nikolaevs communal house for students. The Concept of ConstructivismConstructivism, or Constructivist Art, is a term used to describe a type of non-representational, or totally abstract, relief formulation, sculpture, painting, and kinetics. Constructivist buildings are usually ordered and often minimal, spatial, geometric, architectonic and experimental with how industrial material is used. Furthermore, constructivism combined engineering and advanced technology with a dominant Communist social purpose. The movement produced several pioneering projects as well as prominent buildings and structures before falling out of favour during the early 1930s.Early constructivist art and architecture, just like Communism, was idealistic and seeking a n ew order that dealt with mingled social and economic problems. The appearance of several constructivist buildings and monuments is characterized by an emphasis on geometrical shapes like rectangular solids and cylinders, often intersecting to each one other or demonstrating asymmetry. Limited colour range is another quality of constructivist buildings, with the choice of colour as flesh or white signifying simplicity in the communal society. blood-red was also a truly popular choice of colour for the buildings and monuments like Lenins Mausoleum as this colour was known to symbolize Communism. Both the geometrical emphasis and the limits in colour are typicals of Constructivist Architecture brought about by the influence of Suprematism, which was the most dominant art movement in Russia at that time. German Constructivism or the Bauhaus Architecture, the German volume Bauhaus literally means House of Building or Building School. It refers to a school in Germany famous for the style and design that it taught.It is a form of modernist architecture that was founded by Walter Gropius and existed in Germany, some parts of Europe, the United States, and Israel from 1919 to 1933. The Bauhaus was an architectural ideology similar to Russian Constructivism and existed at the same time that it did. As Constructivism lost its favour because of Stalinist Neoclassicism, the Bauhaus gradually became inactive as the Nazi rose to power. Just like Constructivist structures, Bauhaus buildings usually possess a cubic design and favour estimable angles owing to its geometrical figure.Nevertheless it may occasionally feature rounded street corners as well as balconies. These buildings usually have an open floor plan and round facades. The Most Notable Constructivist Buildings The Rusakov Workers Club. One of the most notable examples of constructivist architecture in Moscow is the Rusakov Workers Club. It was intentional by Konstantin Melnikov and was constructed from 19 27 to 1928. On the outside, the club resembles a fan and in elevation, it is made up of a base and three cantilevered concrete areas for the seats.If the seating areas are combined, the building can seat over 1,000 people while each of these three cantilevered seating areas can be used as a separate auditorium. More conventional offices are found at the rear of the building. Moreover, the materials used in its construction are glass, concrete and brick. The constructivist identity of the building is expressed in its exterior, which the architect Melnikov himself described as a tensed muscle. On the outside, the three seating areas are seen as three large rectangular solids protruding from the walls of the building on the upper part.Melnikov naturally applied his own values to its construction by setting the Rusakov Workers Club, as well as other clubs he had designed, against the hostile city rather than be giganticing to it by employing sharply distinctive forms to necessitate t he structure appear individualist and unique against the general backdrop of urban buildings. Svoboda manufacturing plant Club, another constructivist building worth mentioning is the Svoboda pulverization Club, or Maxim Gorky Palace of Culture. It was also Konstantin Melnikov who designed the building in 1927. It was completed two years later.For the general design of the Svoboda Factory Club, a conventional rectangular masonry block was used as a replacement for the original plan of using a flat elliptical tube, thus giving its design a constructivist spirit. The staircase was not curved but built straight, leaving the central rostrum tug as the only curvilinear element in the structure. However, although the central rostrum column balances the left and right halves of the building, these halves are not identical with the north side end block significantly higher than the opposite one.This unique feature is a quality of the individualism of the constructivist movement. Nonethele ss, the central rostrum hides such a discrepancy . Zuev Workers Club, another prominent example of constructivist architecture is the Zuev Workers Club in Moscow. The architect Ilya Golosov designed the structure in 1926 and it was finished after two years. The original function of the building was to house various facilities for the workers of Moscow.The innovative and unique glazing treatment at its corner and the facade formed from the dramatic intersection of a cylindrical glazed staircase and a stack of rectangular floor planes prove to be very photogenic and settle the Zuev Workers Club a symbol of Russian avant-garde architecture. These two unique qualities reflect a strong unique identity which is characteristic of Soviet Constructivism. The stack of rectangular floor planes has behind them a sequence of club rooms and open foyers that lead to a rectangular auditorium made up of 850 seats.Golosov, like Melnikov, was an enthusiast not for the logics but for the dynamic forms Constructivist design methods. In the Zuev Workers Club, this is evident in the immensely powerful drama of the cylinder intersecting the flat planes . Narkomzem, also known as Peoples Commissariat of Agriculture, Narkomzem was another renowned example of avant-garde architecture in early 20th century Russia. The building, which is now used today as a working ministry, was designed by Aleksey Shchusev and was finished in 1933.The most striking constructivist feature of the building is its corner details where a rectangular plane intersects with the cylindrical edge. Aside from the corner details, the overall asymmetry and the ribbon window rigid on the top floor remain to be the most striking features of Narkomzem . Melnikovs House. The house of the architect Konstantin Melnikov, or simply known as Melnikov House, is one of the most notable examples of 20th century avant-garde architecture. It is located in Moscow and is located well away from the street.Melnikov House is a build ing made up of a combination of both Futuristic and definitive designs consisting of two interlocking cylinders with the rear one noticeably taller than the front. The structure is also perforated with some sixty identical elongated hexagonal windows provided with Constructivist glazing bars. The asymmetry in the cylinders and the uniquely designed hexagons are testaments to Melnikovs commitment to Constructivism. The cylinders are made from stucco-covered bricks similar to those used in Russian churches and on the facade are written the talking to KONSTANTIN MELNIKOV ARKHITECTOR .Narkomfin, another Russian building with constructivist design is the Narkomfin building. It was designed by the architects Ignaty Milinis and Moisei Ginzburg along with engineer Sergei Prokhorov. It was constructed from 1928 to 1930 for the purpose of providing apartments for the employees of the Peoples Commissariat of Finance, of the Narkomfin. The transitional, semi-communal apartment was supposed to introduce to the Soviet citizen the communal way of life and to introduce communism into the heart of domestic life and prepare the citizens to fully acknowledge a communal existence .Narkomfin, for its constructivist elements, had a long elegant facade with several rows of horizontal windows. It was topped with the Commissars penthouse making it look like and be called the ship. Upon its completion it turned out to be an ensemble calm of three buildings the housing block, the communal block and a small laundry building. The Narkomfin has remained an icon of modernism in avant-garde architecture of Soviet Russia primarily because of these constructivist elements that make it stand out among the rest.The Narkomfin building was also known as the most perfectly realized building out of all the communal buildings constructed during the Constructivist Era or in the utopian years of the early Soviet Union. It was also considered the prototype for the modern European apartment blocks an d housing estates. Now, the Narkomfin remains as a pilgrims journey sites for historians and architects from all over the world. The Communal House (1920-1930) of the Textile Institute, or the Communal House for Textile Institute Students, in Moscow is considered Ivan Nikolaevs masterpiece and is another noteworthy architectural work of the Soviet constructivist era.Popularly called Nikolaevs House or The Hostel, the Communal House demonstrates the dom kommuna, or the cc0 adult apprentices shared cabins along an eight-storey block extending for a length of 200 meters. There was a creative mix of dining rooms and recreational spaces in the low block. The Communal House was actually built for textile students to live and study in while adopting a strict military communal fashion that starts with a wake-up call, and proceeds with exercise, shower, and study.The constructivist elements of the Communal House include half-round stair towers, the angular staircase, and the vast rectangula r volumes as well as the asymmetry demonstrated by the uneven intersections of the various planes in the facade of the building. The Barshchs and Sinyavskys Planetarium, or the Moscow Planetarium, was launch on November 5, 1929 and is considered at present a centre of natural sciences. The planetarium is principally involved in reading public lectures and implementing scientific and artistic programs in cosmonautics and astronomy. In the observatory of he planetarium, one can watch the sunspots, the Moon, the planets and many other heavenly bodies with the use of a telescope. The Modern State of the Planetarium M. O. Barshch and M. I. Sinyavsky were responsible for the design of the planetarium and commenced the construction on September 23, 1928, the day of the autumnal equinox. The planetarium was actually one of the largest projection domes for any planetarium in the world, which makes this unique feature one of its most prominent characteristics as a symbol of avant-garde Sovie t architecture. However, its apex was only 4cm thick. Located in the former city of Leningrad, now St.Petersburg, the Red Banner Textile Factory was partially designed by the first foreign architect asked to design in the USSR, Erich Mendelsohn, in 1925 to 1926, and later designed by E. A. Tretyakov, S. O. Ovsyannikov, and Hyppolit Pretraeus until its completion in 1937. The Red Banner Textile Factory was a dynamic, futuristic large factory and was a most notable example of Soviet Constructivist architecture. The Red Banner Factory resembled a ship with the top part of it jutting out of the planes. There is also an asymmetry with the intersection of the cylindrical and rectangular sections of the building on the outside.These two constructivist features of the factory give it its unique identity and make it stand out. Notable Architects of Russia from 1924-1932 The Russian constructivist designer Vladimir Tatlin was considered the progenitor of Soviet Constructivism because of his r evolutionary exhibits of relief constructions from 1913 to 1914. He was also responsible for the appearance of the Constructivist Manifesto in 1921 which paved the way for the first construction of a plan for a constructivist building in 1922 and the actual physical composition of constructivist office and residence buildings in 1925.Tatlin trained at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture as well as in the Penza Art School. It was after completing his formal studies that he joined a group of avant-garde painters and writers all over Russia. It was also during this period that he formulated several designs for a theater and participated in exhibitions. Konstain Melnikov was one of the big recognizes in Soviet constructivist architecture, being the architect behind the Rusakov Workers Club, the Svoboda Factory Club and his own Melnikov House.Melnikov apprenticed as an engineer after attending the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. He study ar chitecture from 1912 to 1917 and it became his passion although he initially studied painting in 1905. As a romanticist and a supporter of Communism, Melnikov was an architect who had independence of mind and rejected the principle of method in design and instead focused on intuition as the most essential factor in expressing the social and symbolic meaning of an architectural form such as a building.In his works, Melnikov struggled to combine Classicism and Leftist Modernism and often designed his architectural masterpieces with explicit and symbolic historicism. A leader of Constructivism from 1925 to 1931, Ilya Golosov was the Russian architect responsible for the design of the Zuyev Workers Club in Moscow and communal housing in Ivanovo. Just like Tatlin and Melnikov, Golosov studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculture and Architecture. However, he also studied in the Stroganov School of Arts.His main impression with the works of the Vesnin brothers made him join the cons tructivist organization, or the OSA Group in 1925, and from then on he started designing his masterpieces. However, although Golosov was a champion of Constructivist architecture, he regarded the architectural philosophy of Constructivism only as ideal for exterior decoration but not for wholesomeness in terms of functional style. These separate gets of his regarding Constructivism eventually made him abandon the avant-garde form of architecture in 1932 and settled for neoclassical architecture in his works, hence from Soviet Constructivism to Soviet Realism.Another name in the Soviet Constructivist architects hall of fame is Ivan Nikolaev. He was famous for the constructivist design and even the formulation of the rules and regulations of the Communal House of the Textile Institute built from 1929 to 1931. He devised a rather rigid and Communist procedure for the members of the training institute which was supposed to be followed through every single day a wake-up call, exercise, shower and study. In addition Nikolaev was also famous for his modernist campus of the Moscow Power Engineering Institute.He, however, abandoned his constructivist beliefs in order to adopt Stalinist architecture. Another prominent name in avant-garde Soviet architecture of early 20th century Russia was Aleksey Shchusev. Shchusev was responsible for the constructivist designs of the Kazan Railway Station, the Narkomzem, or Agriculture Ministry, building in Moscow, and most important of all, Lenins Mausoleum on Red Square, which he designed only in a stunning period of three days. Another one of his constructivist designs was the Institute of Resorts in Sochi, which he designed from 1927 to 1931.Shchusev was tasked to design many more buildings after 1932 and some say that he was even the originator of Gothic skyscrapers in Moscow. Shchusev studied at the Imperial honorary society of Arts from 1891 to 1897 and his travels to North Africa and Central Asia from 1894 to 1899 may have s omehow influenced his partial non-adherence to pure Constructivism. It is also worth mentioning that even before Shchusev designed buildings, he was already tasked to restore church and to design a cathedral during the first ten years of the 20th century.His restoration of the St. Basil Church in Ukraine, his designs for the Trinity duomo in Pochayiv Lavra, and the Marfo-Mariinsky Convent in Moscow made him one of the best and most versatile architects of his time. The expressionist architect Erich Mendelsohn was a German Jewish architect and the first foreign architect who was allowed by the USSR to work for them. In 1926, he partially designed the Red Flag Textile Factory in St. Petersburg. The constructivist design of the exterior of the factory made it resemble a ship.This particular masterpiece of Mendelsohn is similar to the Mossehaus, which he himself designed in Berlin. He also designed the rear view of the Einstein Tower in Potsdam and the Cohen House in London, all of whic h had designs similar to that of Soviet Constructivism. Mendelsohn studied architecture at the Technical University of Berlin and the Technical University of Munich, where he graduate cum laude in 1812. His initial work before he became an international architectural designer was as an independent architect in Munich.One of the champions of Russian Constructivism, not necessarily for his actual works but for his theories, was the name Yakov Chernikhov. Perhaps Chernikhovs only actual architectural achievement was the Red Nail Makers Factory, or Red carnation Factory, built in St. Petersburg from 1930 to 1931. The rest of Chernikhovs fame is attributed to his written works. Chernikhov studied at the Odessa Art School where he taught drawing and sketching years later, and at the Academy of Arts at St. Petersburg where he graduated in 1925. He then joined the Constructivist movement and instead of concentrating on the actual ractice of his profession, he wrote and publish a series of books which showcased his constructivist architectural fantasies Fundamentals of Modern Architecture, written from 1929 to 1930 Construction of Architectural and Machine Forms, written in 1931 and Architectural Fantasies 101 Compositions, written in 1933. These three books did not only make him famous all over the world but also became a source of inspiration to many generations of architects. He had five more books published from 1934 to 1948. Decline of ConstructivismA competition for a grandiose project for the Palace of the Soviets was held in 1932. The constructivists joined the competition with their best entries. However, there was an ever-growing criticism of Modernism as that time, and this affect as well all the Soviet Constructivism. The winning entry was therefore not constructivist but an eclectic Stalinist architecture project by Boris Iofan. By the end of the 1920s, Constructivism was eventually replaced by Post constructivism, which featured buildings designed in a composite style and bore close resemblance to Neoclassicism.

Black People and Samuel L. Jackson Essay

Who is she today and what is her occupation?President of brown universityWhere was she born? When?Grapeland TX1940What did her parents do?How many the great unwashed were in her family?They were share croppers14What was her life like as a little girl? Explain in several sentences. Also, include the specific details of afferent imagery she uses to enhance her description.She was a step out of slaveryThere were hundreds of people living in itA bucket with syrup a cookie and bacon grease in itWhen did Ruths life shift, or change? How did this shift change her life? Be specific, and include details. 1950s they joined the enormous migrations of African Americans to big cities She moved to Huston TXExplain the term sharecropping. Use a section of Ruths own words to complete your description. Where in put out for slavery they got a little amount of money from the slave holderExplain the term Jim Crow South. Use a section of Ruths own words to complete your description. dont ever talk bac k to a albumen person, if your on the sidewalk and you encounter a white person step off the side walk and let them pass and we dare not break the rules for fear of what would happenInterview with Henry Louis Gates, jr. and Samuel L. JacksonWeb address http//video.pbs.org/video/2227535116HENRY LOUIS GATES, JR.Where did he continue as a child?Explain his early life in a few sentences.They lived in three segregated neighborhoods. The color of their skin determined what they could do and what schools they could attend where they could work and with whom they could socialize. It bonded them together culturally.SAMUEL L. JACKSONWhere did he live as a child?Down town Chattanooga TennesseeWhen did he leave, and why?By his 18th birthday, and to attend moorhouse collageDescribe his childhood hearthstone? Embed a quote into your answer. Include sensory imagery for your answer. The black community was very small.Describe his family, and explain how he felt about them.Who said, separationi sm could impose many limits, but it couldnt completely crush all of our dreams?*Remember when you use exact words and phrases, use proper documentation.

The Shark Net

What we, as exclusives, perceive to be real to actually exist, is both objective and subjective. Everyones perception of realism varies greatly from friend to friend, neighbour to neighbour and even from parent to child. It is this perception of an individuals truthfulness that ultimately defines who they become. To define a person, it is practically said that we should analyse their behaviour, as it is their behaviour that reflects their state of reality. A persons behaviour may depend on their surroundings the season in which they live, their social interactions or even their physical environ handst.The era in which they grew up, for instance, will adversely reflect on an individual by default as society forces their morals and beliefs of what is right what is reality, onto them. There was once a time where it was the norm for women to take on and settle into their role as a housewife, and for men to go to work and be the sole provider of a family. Now, women have just as many expectations placed onto them career wise as men, and as a result, in general, women come off as more confident and independent as compared to being submissive and unsure, as was the case back in the day.Their behaviour clearly shows that their sense of reality has changed as society has progressed. In Robert Drewes memoirs, The Shark Net, he retells of his being dragged along to the sermon of evangelical billy Graham, by his mother. Despite the pressure placed on him by his family, to conform to a life free from religious sin, sex and adultery, he rebels. Quite often is Drewe home late after liaisons with various females. His behaviour reflects a reality quite different to that of his Christian mother, a woman who he has been brought up by since birth.In this case, it is his rebelious behaviour that defines his perception of reality as a result of his relationship with his mother. But why did Drewe desire so greatly to rebel? The move from Melbourne to Perth was a substantial one for Drewe. He went from the frosty lawns and trimmed hedges of an urban, cosmopolitan city to the most isolated city in the world, what was essentially, in equation, a desert. As a result, just as the mountain of London vary from the people of New York, Drewe encountered a whole new type of people.To rebel against his mother meant to conform to the people of Perth, as he wished so desperately to fit in, whereas his mother wished to be in control. The controlling nature of his mother contrasts to that of Drewe in his wish to embrace the unbeknown(predicate). The unknown being what was now, in fact, the reality of living in Perth. Drewes mother, Dorothy, is unable to accept this new truth, as it nullifies her prior beliefs. However, for Drewe, the reality is clear, succinct and remarkably self-explanatory.This results in the way unto which the two respective individuals inevitably turn out, as it gives a clear indication of the ways in which they behave. What is interesting to no ne is that memory and reality are interdependent of one a nonher. A persons reality can be based upon memories, but these memories can be selective depending on a current sense of reality. Memories also falter, and hence, the selectiveness and reliability of Drewes memory comes into question. Was he biased in his representation of himself in his youth in comparison to his mother, for instance? Was his mother really the control freak he made her out to be?In the same way, in the study of history, when analysing a immemorial or secondary source, the reliability of the author is always considered, noted and expanded upon, as it may give an inaccurate representation of depicted events it may not portray the reality of the situation what really went on. As Chuck Palahniuk writes in Fight Club, .. youre not how much money youve got in the bank. Youre not your job. Youre not your family, and youre not who you tell yourself. but you are, who you behave to be. So one must ask what is resp onsible for their behaviour in order to fully understand the definition of their individual reality.

In the Dream of the Man that was Dreaming, the Dreamt Man Woke Essay

By traditional definition, perception is anything that can be know through the five senses. However, this quote adds another dimension to the idea about perception. It implies that perception is not dictated by the five senses, but by the brain.If a man encompasss something, he has either seen it, heard it, felt it, smelt it, tasted it, or any combination of those. A man knows that a car has crashed because he proverb the collision and heard the loud noise. He knows that he likes steak through enjoying its pleasant smell and satisfying taste. In addition, he knows that fire is hot because the nervous governing body allows him to tonus its warmth. However, one usually forgets that it is impossible to use these senses without the brain, which controls each of these perceptions. The quote serves as a supporting reminder of this idea.Arguably, the dreaming man is suitable to perceive a dreamt man waking up. Yet, he does not necessarily see the man with his sustain eyes, because his eyelids are shut. He does not hear the dreamt man with his ears he does not feel the man with his hands, and he certainly doesnt taste or smell the man. So how is he able to perceive him? He is able to perceive him because his brain still functions, creating the image of the dreamt man waking. Now, the reason why the brain constitutes the image of the dreamt man is for another paper, about dream interpreting. The quote manifestly implies that we perceive only what our brain wants us to, and that our brain may even make us perceive what is not reality.It may be possible that we do not always know what is reality even if it is right in front of us. For example, today might feel like a cold day, moreover it is still about 50-60 degrees F. However, in the winter months of January and February, a 60 degree day may not feel so cold. In fact, it would even feel warm compared to the usual freezing temperature.This is because the brain interprets what messages are sent through the nervou s system, and it tells the body to feel warm because it is used to a colder temperature. Recently, due to the sniper shootings, the Statess Most Wanted conducted a study which proved that the brain can affect what a witness may have seen with his or her own eyes. This is a major cause of the inconsistent eyewitness accounts of the shootings. These are just a few examples that prove that perception is under the complete control of the brain. recognition is much more than what the body is able to sense it is how the brain interprets the information it receives through those senses. Even while the body is in slumber, the brain continues to interpret and create perceptions. Does the brain have a mind of its own?

Functional Areas of Business

Depending on the size of organization, functional areas whitethorn be directed by specific departments with upper heed, mid-level and front line make outrs. In comparison, a infinitesimal business is often managed by one leader totally, whos responsibilities overlap. Management The way role includes more than patently being in charge of employees. Instead, this position coordinates and bring offs the work of others, check offs organization goals are accomplished, and checks the business triumph.Furthermore, managers monitor the competency and effective use of employees because workers are the most important resource f an organization (Stephen & Robbins, 2010). Managers also pull off and control functions that are not obvious, but play a crucial role in the companys winner. fairness is the legal brass of business that effect business and smooth firms. Managers use business law to look operations are legally sound, noncompliance with all state, federal and internationa l prerequisites, and regulations to help solve problems.Human resources or short HER address concepts of personal development throughout employees lifestyle. During the hiring and training mathematical do work human resources have a high importance. For proper compensation and if disciplinary actions are taken (Stephen & Robbins, 2010). A large role for managers plays the nerve of leadership which covers different ways to influence employees to achieve organization goal, inspire and motivate, handle conflicts, as fountainhead as power struggle and organizational change.Accounting maintains and audits financial aspects of a business that is separated into financial and managerial accounting. Financial accounting studies the creation of financial statement, for example, income statements and balance sheets. Managerial accounting looks at statements and helps make decisions, including budgeting for future projects and control cost within the firm (Stephen & Robbins, 2010). Financ e addresses the process of setting up and maintaining the fiscal success of the firm including revenue. Finance is useful for managers in many ways, especially when needing fund for new business venture.The field of force of intersection pointion, distribution and consumption of goods and services within countries and individual firms are a part of economics. It is used to increase profits and to Andre market conditions, for example, recessions (Stephen & Robbins, 2010). Leaders collect data and use methods as nearly as atmospherics to interpret them to find out important information about their business as part of look into and statistics. This fiction will help make decisions on what business practices to continue to use and which ones to modify in the future. Operations management is devoted to increasing the value of the firms supply chain.This function is used to realize that the process f getting goods and service is smooth and error free (Stephen & Robbins, 2010). Mark eting interests the end consumer in a production or service and to keep this client happy. Such technique is used to determine which product or service to offer, the type of advertising and creation of a good image of their brand. Strategic prep is applied to ensure originations goals are met. Marketing helps bring all aspects of the firm together and ensures the companys success (Stephen & Robbins, 2010).The ledger of Enterprising Communities People and Places in the Global Economy addresses why small business, with between five to went employees, frequently fail to grow. Most times, the difficulty instantly relates to the little or no knowledge of growth want and organizations barriers. A SOOT analysis, which included strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, allows leaders to develop a company goal as considerably as an action plan on how to reach it. According to Perks, Small businesses that grow during their flirts four geezerhood of establishment more than doub le their chance of survival (Perks, p. 21, 2010). Omnipotent view of management states that managers are in a flash creditworthy for the organizations success as well up as failure. Actions and decisions of leaders are directly related to an organizations success. salubrious performing leaders adjust and maximise chances, improve bad performances, as well as manage the company. Therefore, managers are compensated for the business success with stock options, incentives, ores. On the other side, upper management is believed to be responsible when profits are down and then fired or replaced by new managers (Stephen & Robbins, 2010).Symbolic view of management describes the failure and success of companies impacted by external influences that are outside of leaders ability to control. This view is reason that managers have little control over external factors for example customers, economy, competitors, decisions of previous leaders and others. Managers have exclusively symbolize d influence and control by creating action plans, and limited influence of failure and success according to this view. decision Whether in a small or large company, managers oversee a wide range of functions to ensure the success and high performance of all areas.Functional Areas of BusinessDepending on the size of organization, functional areas may be directed by specific departments with upper management, mid-level and front line managers. In comparison, a small business is often managed by one leader only, whos responsibilities overlap. Management The management role includes more than scarcely being in charge of employees. Instead, this position coordinates and oversees the work of others, ensures organization goals are accomplished, and ensures the business success.Furthermore, managers monitor the efficiency and effective use of employees because workers are the most important resource f an organization (Stephen & Robbins, 2010). Managers also oversee and control functions that are not obvious, but play a crucial role in the companys success. practice of law is the legal aspect of business that effect business and small firms. Managers use business law to ensure operations are legally sound, noncompliance with all state, federal and international requirements, and regulations to help solve problems.Human resources or short HER address concepts of personal development throughout employees lifestyle. During the hiring and training process human resources have a high importance. For proper compensation and if disciplinary actions are taken (Stephen & Robbins, 2010). A large role for managers plays the aspect of leadership which covers different ways to influence employees to achieve organization goal, inspire and motivate, handle conflicts, as well as power struggle and organizational change.Accounting maintains and audits financial aspects of a business that is separated into financial and managerial accounting. Financial accounting studies the creati on of financial statement, for example, income statements and balance sheets. Managerial accounting looks at statements and helps make decisions, including budgeting for upcoming projects and control cost within the firm (Stephen & Robbins, 2010). Finance addresses the process of setting up and maintaining the fiscal success of the firm including revenue. Finance is useful for managers in many ways, especially when needing fund for new business venture.The oeuvre of production, distribution and consumption of goods and services within countries and individual firms are a part of economics. It is used to maximize profits and to Andre market conditions, for example, recessions (Stephen & Robbins, 2010). Leaders collect data and use methods as well as nonoperational to interpret them to find out important information about their business as part of query and statistics. This fiction will help make decisions on what business practices to continue to use and which ones to modify in th e future. Operations management is devoted to increasing the value of the firms supply chain.This function is used to ensure that the process f getting goods and service is smooth and error free (Stephen & Robbins, 2010). Marketing interests the end consumer in a product or service and to keep this client happy. Such technique is used to determine which product or service to offer, the type of advertising and creation of a good image of their brand. Strategic mean is applied to ensure originations goals are met. Marketing helps bring all aspects of the firm together and ensures the companys success (Stephen & Robbins, 2010).The diary of Enterprising Communities People and Places in the Global Economy addresses why small business, with between five to went employees, a good deal fail to grow. Most times, the difficulty directly relates to the little or no knowledge of growth requirement and organizations barriers. A SOOT analysis, which included strength, weaknesses, opportunities , and threats, allows leaders to develop a company goal as well as an action plan on how to reach it. According to Perks, Small businesses that grow during their flirts four years of establishment more than double their chance of survival (Perks, p. 21, 2010). Omnipotent view of management states that managers are directly responsible for the organizations success as well as failure. Actions and decisions of leaders are directly related to an organizations success. salutary performing leaders adjust and maximize chances, improve bad performances, as well as manage the company. Therefore, managers are compensated for the business success with stock options, incentives, ores. On the other side, upper management is believed to be responsible when profits are down and then fired or replaced by new managers (Stephen & Robbins, 2010).Symbolic view of management describes the failure and success of companies impacted by external influences that are outside of leaders ability to control. This view is disceptation that managers have little control over external factors for example customers, economy, competitors, decisions of previous leaders and others. Managers have only symbolized influence and control by creating action plans, and limited influence of failure and success according to this view. remnant Whether in a small or large company, managers oversee a wide range of functions to ensure the success and high performance of all areas.

Liquid Chromatography Lab

Liquid Chromatography Laboratory 18 Introduction We argon utilize liquid chromatography to sepa set the colored substances in grape-flavored drinks. We separate the comp one and only(a)nt dyes, and then we separate the flavorings and citric acids. oscilloscope Chromatography is a process that is used to separate a substance into its component parts. The detachment occurs surrounded by the stationary and moving chassis of the lab. The moving phase angle consists of a fluid and the stationary phase consists of a steady. The confection we are trying to split up is integrated into the vigorous phase.When the mobile phase interacts with the solid phase, the components of the kind are attracted to the solid phase in varying degrees. partings with higher levels of tie for the mobile phase consequence in a faster speed of transport throughout the solid phase. Components with higher levels of attraction for the solid phase result in a slower speed of transport throughout the solid phase. These differing levels of attraction end up in musical interval of the mixture into component draws, which croak the system as distinct liquids. pic Liquid chromatography labs are composed of sestet main parts . A breakup towboat alter with a fine-grain solid. b. A solvent (mobile phase) that moves through the interval tugboat. c. An injection system to transport the solvent to the disengagement newspaper column. d. A pump to force the solvent through the separation column. e. A detector to determine when the components exit the separation column. f. A recorder pic Although in most chromatography labs the solid phase is polar and the mobile phase is nonpolar, we are utilize Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography, where the mobile phase is polar and the solid phase is nonpolar.Also read Fluorenol PolarityWhen the mobile phase interacts with the solid phase, the polar parts of the mobile phase are attracted to apiece other, so they wash through the column quickl y. The less polar components of the mobile phase are attracted to the nonpolar solid in the column, so they wash through the column easy. This results in a separation of the components, whose degree is measured as the effect. pic Pre-lab Questions 1. What is the process of chromatography used for? 2. In the chromatography, components of a mixture distribute themselves between the stationary phase and the mobile phase.Explain how the components can be separate with these two phases. 3. In the liquid chromatography column used in this experiment, the solid has a C18 hydrocarbon bonded to it. Would a C18 hydrocarbon be polar or nonpolar? Explain. 4. downstairs are the typical data for this experiment. 1 mL of a Kool-Aid solution was loaded on a Sep-Pak C18 Column. The red and blue dyes were eluted from the column with a constant lessen of 18% isopropyl alcoholic beverage. The eluted solution was collected in a 10 mL graduated cylinder. The volumes of eluant were recoreded at the i nformant and end of each color luck. pic nurture The first step in calculating the selectivity and resolution of the system is determining the volumes of eluant corresponding to the band widths and band centers for each eluted dye. a. Bandwidth W is the volume in mL of eluant containing each dye as it emerges from the column. imagine the bandwidth W for each dye for each of the three runs and then determine the intermediate bandwidth W average for each dye. b. Center of band, called Average retentivity Volume V rant corresponds to the center of each band.The average guardianship volume is calculated by taking the average starting volume for each band and adding one half the corresponding average band width. V Rave = V start + (? ) W ave Calculate the average retention volume volume V Rave for the red and blue dyes. c. For each dye, a capacity factor k can be calculated. This term is a relative measure of the attraction of the dye for the stationary phase as compared to its at traction for the mobile phase. The equation fo capacity factor is k = (V Rave V M)/V M here V Rave is the average retention volume for each dye and V M is mobile phase or eluant volume in the getaway. V M can be estimated to be one half the cartridge volume, with the stationary phase occupying the other half. For the Sep-Pak cartridges, this V M value is . 49 mL. Calculate k for each dye. d. A selectivity or separation factor, alpha, can direct be calculated. This is the ratio of the k values for each dye, with the larger value in the numerator. For good separation, a mobile phase is usually chosen that gives an alpha value between 2 and 10. Calculate alpha for this separation alpha = (k Blue)/(k Red) e.The resolution R, a measure of how well the two dyes are separated by the column and eluant, is determined by the equation R = 2(V Rave Blue V Rave Red)/(W Blue + W Red) where the numerator is the volume between the band centers and the denominatory represents the average band w idth. The greater the selectivity, the larger the numerator and therefore the greater the resolution. The resolution can also increase as the efficiency of the column increases, since this results in a lower average band width. Calculate R for this separation. Materials Isopropyl Alcohol, 70% 50 mLIsopropyl Alcohol, 28%, 10 mL Isopropyl Alcohol, 18% 50 mL Isopropyl Alcohol, 5% 10 mL Graduated Cylinder, 10mL Graduated Cylinder, 25 mL Distilled Water, 300 mL Grape Koolaid Solution, 20 mL Sep-Pak C18 Cartridge 10 mL Syringe w/ male Luer confidential information Beaker, 100 mL, 3 Beaker, 50 mL, Safety Precautions Isopropyl alcohol is inflammable and a fire hazard. Do non conduct this laboratory in the presence of flames. This alcohol is slightly toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Chemical-resistant goggles, gloves, and aprons are required. Wash and rinse hands thoroughly with soap and water after conducting the lab.Procedure Part 1 Isocratic dissolution (Constant rate of flow and sol vent concentration) Pretreatment of the Sep-Pak C18 Cartridge 1. Cut off the exit tube/shorter end of the cartridge at the point where it meets the body of the cartridge. 2. Load the syringe with 10mL of 70% isopropyl alcohol. 3. Connect the tip of the syringe to the ache end of the Sep-Pak cartridge. 4. Pump the isopropyl alcohol through the syringe cartridge at a rate of 5-10 mL/minute. 5. compile the alcohol in a 10 mL graduated cylinder to monitor flow rate. 6. Repeat previous steps with distilled water. Sample Injection . Use 10 mL syringe to slowly inject 1 mL of Kool-Aid solution onto the column. 2. Discard the effluent that washes out. 3. Remove the cartridge from the syringe. 4. Rinse the syringe with 10 mL of distilled water 3 times to erase Kool-Aid residue. Sample Elution 1. Fill the syringe with 18% isopropyl alcohol eluant and attach the syringe to the Sep-Pak Cartridge. 2. Pump the alcohol through the cartridge with a flow rate of 5-10 mL/min. 3. Collect effluent in 10 mL graduated cylinder. 4. interpret volume of effluent collected as first and last of colored drops of each of the dyes exit.If separation is imperfect, record data for beginning/end of intermediate purple bands. Center of the purple band acts as the end of the first band and beginning of the last. Column Regeneration Repeat measurements two more times. Between injections, wash the column with 10 mL of distilled water at the same flow rate of 5-10 mL/min. If colored residue remains, copy preatreatment. Part 2 standard Gradient Separation Now, we change composition of the eluting liquid. We first use a polar solvent, and then we reduce the polarity of the solid phase by adding isopropyl alcohol.Through this, we wash out citric acid and flavoring oils in addition. Pretreatment of the Sep-Pak C18 Cartridge Follow the pretreatment in Part 1. Sample Injection and Component Elution 1. Inject 1 mL of Kool-Aid solution into the column. 2. rinse polar components of the mixture (citri c acid and sugar) by expiration 5 mL of distilled water through the column. 3. Collect effluent in the first small beaker. 4. Elute the red dye by passing 10 mL of 5% isopropyl alcohol through the column. 5. Collect effluent in the second small beaker. 6. Use 10 mL of the 28% isopropyl alcohol to elute blue dye. 7. Collect effluent in the third small beaker. . Use 10 mL of 70% isopropyl alcohol to elute nonpolar flavor oils and additives. 9. Collect effluent in the fourth small beaker. 10. Record the color of each effluent. Evaporate the solvents and examine the components. 1. Allow the solutions to evaporate and leave them overnight in the dope hood until next lab period. Label solutions properly. 2. Observe and describe contents of each of the beakers. Measure using color, odor, and appearance. Data Table Part 1 Isocratic Separation Red Dye Blue Dye bucket along 1 blow over 2 Run 3 Run 1 Run 2 Run 3 Start of Band (mL) End of Band (mL) W (mL) Vrave (mL ) K Part 2 Step Gradient Separation Beaker Eluant Observations 1 H2O 2 5% isopropyl alcohol 3 28% isopropyl alcohol 4 70% isopropyl alcohol Calculations Determine the following values and show calculations. Refer to question six in the Pre-Lab Questions. Enter results in the Part 1 data table. 1. Bandwidth W for each dye. 2. Average Retention Volume V Rave for each dye. 3. Capacity Factor k for each dye. 4. Selectivity alpha for the two dyes with this isocratic separation. 5. proclamation R for the two dyes with this isocratic separation.Post-Lab Questions 1. What is meant by polarity of molecules? What causes differences in polarity? 2. In discussing solubility, the rule the like dissolves like is frequently used. What does this mean? 3. Draw the structural formula of isopropyl alcohol. Explain how it differs in polarity from water. 4. For good separation of the dyes, the resolution should be greater than one. What was the value you calculat ed? Did the two dyes overlap as they emerged from the column, or was the separation a good one? 5. In the step gradient separation, four separate fractions were collected. How were these related to the polarities of the column and of the eluting solvent?

Critically Discuss the Contribution of the Work of Frederick W. Taylor

grey-haired offers a tour of opinions on counsel pattern in his book A Very Short Fairly Interesting and Reasonably Cheap take hold most Studying Organisations (2009). He outlines his opinions through a number of themes within the book such(prenominal) as looking at bureaucracy and scientific management to concentrateher, his views on tender-hearted relations theory (HRT) and its colligate with hatful management, the theme of organization culture and post-bureaucracy and how it is effecting change management.The closing theme I exit deal in my essay is fast capitalist economy and how it is polish offing management. While looking at the themes I get out besides be evaluating grey-headeds arguments within them and try to bring up them where applicable to jenny wren and Bedeians book The Evolution of Management Thought (2009). hoar views on bureaucracy atomic number 18 that he adjoins it as a highly efficient way of management in this book bureaucracy is not converg en as red tape but a management type as prescribe forward by Weber whereby rules and regulation be used to numeration as efficient as possible.Relevant materials scientific Management Theory in Nursing grayness tells us how Weber saw an emergence of an ideal c eached rational juristic authority ( hoar, 2009). grizzly tells us how rationality links with bureaucracy use a number of warnings such as formal or instrumental rationality the idea of this is to adopt a sloppeds to butt on and end using the most efficient way possible. Grey uses an excellent example to illustrate this world the Nazi Holocaust it is as Grey (2009) says the extreme application of bureaucratic logic. It operated under a be read of rules which were applied impersonally.This allowed it to be unbelievably efficient. Greys ideas on bureaucracy are linked to the ideas explored in wren and Bedeians The Evolution of Management Thought (2009) both books emphasise how Weber did not mean red tape when he t ell bureaucracy, they also share similar views of the disadvantages of bureaucracy such as how thespians will work to the rules and therefore know exactly what they must do to stay in the caper or to achieve something Greys view on scientific management as put forward by Taylor is that his ideas unagitated define management today.The real leap for scientific management as explained by Grey (2009) was the use of it by Henry Ford the man who made Ford cars. He employed scientific management within his factory to increase efficiency and it did so hugely. Grey also recognises the problems caused by Taylors ideas. Such as the many strikes by workers as it left the workers with little designer and the managers with all the power, one of the main problems with it as explained by Grey (2009) is it eroded working onditions, reduced liberty and threatened unemployment. I feel that Greys view here focuses too much on the problems caused by scientific management he does give a few advanta ges of it but he doesnt emphasise enough how scientific management really revolutionised the way in which factories and companies operated such as how using Taylors ideas on scientific management fancy companies such as General Motors and Du Pont have become two of the biggest corporations in the world thanks to it.Wren and Bedeian share similar views to Grey on scientific management however I feel they show to a greater extent admiration for it when they say how scientific management coat the way forward for subsequent management development (Wren and Bedeian 2009). Grey (2009) expresses his view many people see scientific management as the bad guy and human relations theory (HRT) as the trade reliable guy. I agree with this and Grey uses the Hawthorne experiment example which I feel expresses this view correctly and helped me assure the inefficiencys caused by HRT.He tells us of an experiment in a bank wiring room where workers were producing electrical components and rather than develop at maximum output which would earn them a bonus they choose to produce at a lower level. This was due to informal norms set around the workplace such as peer pressure and an unofficial gang leader. This shows us that the informal side of an organisation to some is more important than the formal side. This shows how HRT faecal matter be seen as inefficient as and not forever better than scientific management.This can be linked to Wren and Bedeians (2009) conclusions drawn from the Hawthorne Studies, they conclude that these experiments showed us that workers were not driven only by currency but also by social factors which can lead to increased and decreased productivity. People management and HRT are very similar in my opinion as HRT is the way in which we manage people. It is important for people to see a manager as someone who helps people and not just a person who exploits someone to get the best work out of them.Grey (2009) gives an example of how HRT has chang ed the way we view managers by using a son and father conversation. The child asks his dad what he does and he replies how he exploits people and dehumanises them by qualification them work as hard as possible. Under HRT thought he replies how he helps people and makes unhappy people see that he trades close to them. This example by Grey is exceptional in my opinion and to me it personifies what HRT and people management is it is type of thought whereby the managers aim is to care for and motivate his workers.The view of the manager is undeniably hugely important to motivating workers as if they are seen as caring and helpful it acts as an incentive to workers to work harder this view is also shared in Wren and Bedeian (2009) where they say the significance of effective supervision in maintaining employees productivity and job satisfaction is huge. Greys (2009) view on organisation culture is that its aim is to intervene and regulate being so that there is no distance between ind ividuals purpose and those of the organisation for which they work.I agree with what Grey is saying here organisation culture to me is simply making an organisation a place where the worker feels completely comfortable and for the worker to feel proud to work for the company. An example of this I can relate to is the bank RBS having done work experience with them I now understand how they create organisation culture. On all their leaflets, cards and employee videos they try to show their core values and company slogans to create a heartfelt organisation culture. Grey argues that managers who try to change organisation culture are completely unrealistic.I agree with what Grey says here as the example he uses shows us how it is not possible. He cites an experiment carried out by Ogbonna and Wilkinson (1988) where a supermarket told all its employees to make customer service their prime focus by smiling all the time and to make them feel valued. The study results showed they obeyed su perficially because they knew they were being watched but they didnt mean their shows of friendliness. This may seem like they are carrying out the organisation culture but actually they have failed as they dont actually believe in it.In relation to Wren and Bedeians view on organisation culture differs to that of Grey they see it as more innocent and with less scepticism than Grey does. They (Wren and Bedeian 2009) believe technology, economics and political facets provide the framework for organisation culture. Wren and Bedeian dont go into the areas that Grey goes into when discussing organisation culture such as how management tries to change organisation as I have discussed already. Grey (2009) argues that post-bureaucracy can and should be mocked.He gives examples of studies which have been carried out to show that it is a flimsy thought. He cites a study by Paul Thompson who used aggregate statistical evidence and individual cases to call down that job structures and work e xperience are mostly unchanged by the post-bureaucratic revolution. This study was similar to that of Delbridge (1998) who canvas two factories one which had all the paraphernalia of a post-bureaucratic workplace and one which did not. He concluded that both still shared very similar forms of working.I agree with what Grey is saying here as if you passing game into a workplace today such as a factory the methods of management are still evident of the bureaucracy model and yes there is some evidence of post-bureaucracy but not enough to postulate its a new era of post-bureaucracy. On the theme of change management Grey (2009) argues that is well-nigh always fails. He supports his get using the example of total quality management (TQM) which is implemented for the jump time in a certain industry. One organisation may adopt it and then others will see it and decide to adopt it to.Now no one has a competitive advantage and there is a conveyer effect where by the companies now want a new method and therefore change. This claim by Grey in my opinion is correct change management doesnt work as for it to work something has to be applicable from one industry to another but change management fails at this. Grey (2009) however does admit that post-bureaucracy and change management cannot be ignored and that it is a huge factor of society today as they have a huge hold over the managerial consumption in todays world. Grey (2009) tells us how the post-bureaucracy and change management attract huge perplexity in the media today.He gives us the example of policies past by the British Government in which all are based on post-bureaucracy. Grey (2009) says how it is now assumed that for an economy to do well it must be purged of bureaucracy and open to change. I agree with what he has said here all we here about in todays news is the need to change everything and for rules and regulations to be got rid of. only all we have to look at is the current economic climate to show us what happened when there was less bureaucracy and lots of change. People took advantage of it and we are now stuck in a recession for a number of years because of it.To show what fast capitalist economy is Grey (2009) uses the United Kingdom as an example and many of the companies within it such as Jaguar, P&O and Body Shop what all these companies have in common is they once used to be British owned now however they are owned by international companies or consortia. This shows us how Britain has taken on the idea of fast capitalism this however can lead to problems whereby the international companies who buy these smaller firms most of the time only see the financial value of them and not what the company may offer to a community with generations of families who have worked in the same business.This can lead to employees not note the need to work as hard as now they are working for an international company and therefore in my opinion inefficiency will sustain to take pla ce. The argument that fast capitalism is failing and problematic is put forward by Grey (2009) using the example of the bank Northern Rock who began by simply taking in deposits from savers and impart to borrowers for house purchases. In 1997 they choose a new more risky route whereby they raised money by through short term borrowing on financial markets.They also began to give loans to those who had myopic credit history and they didnt take in their account to pay them back. This was all well and good until 2007 when poor credit risks and the inability to get short term funds caused the bank to nearly dampen with customers going to the banks to take out all their money. The bank was then nationalised in 2008. This story shows me how fast capitalism failed as those who ran Northern Rock tried to adopt a new style of management and thought within the business to keep up with fast moving capitalism and in the long run their ideas failed leaving the customers and shareholders to suf fer greatly.Grey (2009) puts forward the argument that management is ending. He explores this idea using a number of examples. The example which explores it best is the one about the study he carried out with a number of colleagues on a set of managers. They interviewed them and none of them described themselves as managers. When ask why they didnt they all said it was an overused word which didnt denote any real seniority in todays men and secondly they felt the word had a meaning of someone who was inflexible and bureaucratic. This was not to say the end of management just it has become a somewhat meaningless word.The final thought Grey (2009) has on this is that managers might be coming to an end but management itself is not and it is constantly evolving and I all heartedly agree with this point that it is simply changing constantly. Overall I feel that the themes in Greys book A Very Short Fairly Interesting and Reasonably Cheap Book about Studying Organisations (2009) which r ange from looking at bureaucracy and scientific management together to his views on human relations theory (HRT) and its links with people management and the theme of organization culture and post-bureaucracy and how it is effecting change management.To the final one which I have explored fast capitalism and end management have provided me with an insight into Greys thoughts on management and the arguments he has put forward about it. I also feeling my reading of this book has allowed me to relate it where applicable to Wren and Bedeians The Evolution of Management Thought (2009) and allowed me to analyze some of the older views on management within this book to the more modern ones explored by Grey. However I do believe that Greys book is far more concise than Wren and Bedeians which I feel is too long winded and less interesting than Greys.Bibliography Grey, C. (2009). A Very Short, Fairly Interesting and Reasonably Cheap Book about Studying Organizations. London, Sage. Delbridge , R. (1998) Life on the Line in Contemporary Manufacturing Oxford Oxford University Press, Ogbonna, E. and Wilkinson, B. (1988) Corporate Strategy and Corporate Culture The View from the Checkout staff office Review, Vol. 19 Iss 4, pp. 9 15 Wren, Daniel A . Bedeian Arthur G. December 2008, 2009. The Evolution of Management Thought. 6th Edition. regular army John Wiley & Sons Inc.